1. Scene Mapping

2. Purpose for Mapping Investigation / Reconstruction Show vehicle positions, impact points, vehicle paths, and traffic control The maps are used to obtain measurements to calculate vehicle speeds, positions in relation to each other based on time, sight distance problems Re-creation of the collision

3. Purpose for Mapping Court / Prosecution Show vehicle positions, impact points, vehicle paths, and traffic control to the judge and jury By changing the scale, the size of the map can be enlarged to become an important visual exhibit It’s furnished to the defense and they can see the case is well prepared for court.

4. Several Ways to Create Measuring Tape (Two Dimensional) Coordinate Offset Method Triangulation Total Station (works on a type of triangulation) (Three Dimensional) Real Time Kinetics (Global Positioning System) (Three Dimensional) Photogametry (Three Dimensional)

5. Total Station Components Head Data Collector Tri-pod Survey Rod with prism (adjustable height from.25ft to 25ft

6. Total Station Components Head

7. Total Station Components Data Collector

8. Total Station Components Tri-pod

9. Total Station Components Survey Rod with prism

10. Application Widely in use Good for every type of scene Accesses points that are hidden behind objects Can be used at night and in moderately foul weather conditions Setup is about 5 minutes Can be used while emergency crews are on scene

11. Manpower Requirements One operator and one person for each prism. At least one prism is necessary. There are systems that can be operated by one person. Once the data is collected, it must be uploaded onto a computer to process

12. Different Types of Usage May be used during the on-scene investigation May be used after the scene is cleared by having the evidence marked May be used again to add points not previously collected. The data may be merged onto an aerial view of the scene. Combining Total Station and Photogametry

13. If used during the on-scene investigation, the investigator would place the prism at each point of reference and a “shot” would be taken. This would be repeated for each point of reference, the vehicles, roadway evidence, and traffic control. The dimensions of the roadway may also have be referenced. Typical Application

15. The base would be placed and marked so it could be used again if necessary. Using the system while the on-scene investigation is being made extends the time on-scene. Whether this is best for the situation depends on the roadway and traffic conditions.

18. Typical Application If the evidence is marked, the scene can be “shot” on a better date and time for the traffic conditions. All the obstructions would be gone and the traffic can be controlled with better planning and appropriate manpower.

21. Aerial Photogametry If the investigator has access to aerial photogametry he need only “shoot” a few reference points and the collision evidence. The reference points are used to match the data with the aerial and produce the roadway by tracing the aerial.

23. Conclusion The best method of producing a scale diagram of a collision scene is a combination of the two systems. The Total Station is the best method for the on-scene evidence and works well in all situations and almost all types of weather. It’s generally not limited by terrain characteristics. The investigator needs to only be trained on one system.

24. Conclusion Rather than survey the roadway dimensions, the computer operator uses the aerial photogametry and combines the data with the aerial view. The result is a merging of the two systems. By marking the evidence with traffic paint or nails and returning at a better date and time to collect the reference information, the traffic disruption is minimized.