2. HHYD Practice 1 Syllabus (Students) Full Course & Exercises: Competence (SWers & Students) Exercises: Therapy & Change (Youth) ETODAY Workshops ETODAY Daily Guide (Youth) Research: HHYD Attitudes Movement Bboying Linguistic Emceeing Musical Deejaying Visual Graffiti

3. 47% Of Homicide Deaths Age 22 or younger

4. High Risk Messages: Substance Use Drug-related Incarceration Stat:

5. High Risk Messages: Misogyny “The Female Fear” Sexual victimization, Verbal and physical harassment, Sexual exploitation

6. **Very High Risk**

7. Is that it?

8. EMPOWERMENT

9.  Any attempt to gain power over decision-making, opportunities, or the meaning ascribed to one’s life.  Attitudes and behaviors that feel empowering to an individual or community may be risky or prosocial, or contain elements of both.

10.  Risk/Empowerment Framework based in the literature  Goal: Tool for understanding and practice  Use: Prevention or intervention  Value: › building rapport; › general interactions ( engagement) with youth; › assessment and goal development ; › creates a structure for practice and evaluation.

12. Characteristics (at Time 1)% of Samplen Age 13-15 16-18 19-22 23+ Missing 18 43.8 24.2 12.5 1.6 23 56 31 16 2 Gender Male Female Missing Ethnicity 32.8 65.6 1.6 42 84 2 African American Latino Asian/Pacific Islander Multicultural White, Not Hispanic Missing 26.6 45.3 3.1 3.9 18.8 2.3 34 58 4 5 24 3 Education/Grade Level High School College Missing 49.2 45.3 5.5 63 58 7 Demographics of Participants

13. Individual Empowerment Community Empowerment  Hip-Hop music helps me make it through bad times  Hip-Hop music helps me think about doing more positive things  Hip-Hop encourages me to be proud of my ethnicity (community empowerment);  Hip-Hop helps me think critically about the world around me (community empowerment).

14. Individual Risk Community Risk  “I am more comfortable with the idea of drinking alcohol while listening to Hip-Hop music”  “I feel more okay about committing some crimes after listening to Hip-Hop music”  “I am more comfortable with the idea of selling drugs after listening to Hip-Hop music”  “Treatment of women in Hip-Hop is worse than in movies”  “Violence talked about in Hip-Hop is worse than violence that I see in movies”  “Hip-Hop justifies criminal behavior”

15. Mean (SD) Potential Range Alpha (Standardized) # of Items Individual Empowerment Community Empowerment Individual Risk Community Risk ICE Inventory Full Scale 30.9 (10.8) 13.3 (5.1) 29.2 (7.1) 26.7 (7.3) 100.2 (19.9) 11 – 55 5 – 25 7 – 35 10 – 50 33 – 165.939.877.939.859.906 11 5 7 10 33 Table 7. ICE Inventory Subscale Means, Standard Deviations and Alpha Reliabilities Note. The variation in sample size is due to fluctuations in response rates for demographic information.

16. Empirical Results from Measurement and Structural Model for ICE Inventory

18. Individual Empowerment Community Empowerment  37% of respondents reported that listening to Hip-Hop music has made it easier to talk about their problems.  Similarly, 39% of respondents reported that listening to Hip-Hop helps them think about doing more positive behaviors.  30% of respondents stated that Hip-Hop encourages me to be proud of my race/ethnicity.  33% of respondents felt that Hip-Hop they listen to gives them hope that conditions in their neighborhood can be better  23% felt Hip-Hop makes them want to do something positive for their neighborhood.

19. Individual Risk Community Risk  22% of respondents reported feeling more violent while listening to Hip-Hop.  20% reported feeling more comfortable about drinking alcohol while listening to Hip- Hop, while  16% of respondents reported feeling more comfortable with smoking marijuana.  Comfort with use of ecstasy, cocaine and codeine promethazine ranged from 9% to 13% of respondents.  40% of respondents felt Hip-Hop justifies criminal behavior.  40% of respondents felt violence in Hip- Hop is worse than what they see in movies.

20.  Females and college students scored significantly higher for each subscale with the exception of community risk.

21. Scale Outcome Variable Individual Empowerment Community Empowerment Individual Risk Community Risk ICE Full Scale Intercept Age Gender Ethnicity Grade 22.6 (2.6)***10.1 (1.3)***23.3 (1.8)***24.7 (1.9)***80.7 (4.5)*** 0.1 (1.5)-0.1 (0.7)0.9 (1.0)1.0 (1.1)1.9 (2.6) 5.1 (6.1)**2.5 (0.9)**3.4 (1.3)**.05 (1.4)11.0 (3.3)** 0.8 (0.9)0.4 (0.5)0.9 (0.6)0.5 (0.7)2.6 (1.6) 8.0 (2.7)*2.5 (1.3)2.6 (1.9)-0.3 (2.0)12.9 (4.7)** R-square.205 (9.7)***.119 (4.8)**.140 (6.6)**.015 (7.2).250 (16.8)*** *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001 Note. The variation in sample size is due to fluctuations in response rates for demographic information.

22. Scale GenderAge MaleFemale13-1516-1819-2223+ M (SD) Individual Empowerment 27.3 (9.3)*32.8 (11.0)*30.6 (10.6)*26.8 (10.7)*35.4 (9.3)*37.6 (7.6)* Community Empowerment 11.7 (4.5)*14.2 (5.1)*14.1 (5.3)11.7 (5.1)*14.8 (4.9)*15.2 (2.8)* Individual Risk27.0 (7.8)*30.7 (6.1)*25.8 (9.2)*29.3 (6.4)*31.5 (4.7)*31.0 (6.6)* Community Risk 26.8 (8.6)27.0 (6.4)26.0 (8.8)27.0 (6.9)26.5 (6)28.8 (7) ICE Inventory92.7 (20.1)*104.7 (17.4)*96.4 (25.6)*95 (16.6)*108.2 (16.7)*112.7 (10.2)* * Difference from other category is significant at the 0.05 level (Gender = Analysis of Variance; Age = Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test, LSD) Note. The variation in sample size is due to fluctuations in response rates for demographic information.

23. Scale ESTDEPIECEIRCR EST 1 DEP.215 * 1 IE.011.0001 CE.109-.055.873 ** 1 IR -.303 ** -.120.156.1151 CR -.134-.084-.114-.032.407 ** 1 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Note for Scales: EST is self-esteem; DEP is depressive symptom; IE is individual empowerment, CE is community empowerment, IR is individual risk, and CR is community risk

25.  Reliable…. Can inform prevention and intervention  Brief… Can be used over time to capture shifts in attitudes.  Identity and esteem are influential in how people perceive what they listen to.