1. Biogeochemistry of Coastal Systems: Fluxes and Cycling, Ecosystem Dynamics, and Human Impacts Personnel -Eric De Carlo -Brian Glazer -Fred Mackenzie -Kathleen Ruttenberg -Frank Sansone -David Ho Common Elements - Coastal Ocean Observing Systems with In-Situ Instrumentation - Interdisciplinary, Hypothesis-Driven Science - Relevance for Local and Global Environmental Change - Local Outreach Focus Areas -Sediment-Seawater fluxes -Land-Sea exchange -Nutrients -Coastal Carbon (CO 2 ) cycling

2. Sediment-Seawater Fluxes Sandy, permeable sediments are very common in nearshore waters –High rates of organic matter recycling –High rates of exchange with overlying seawater –Large impacts on coastal biogeochemistry –Poorly studied until recently We are studying diagenesis and resulting sediment-seawater fluxes at Kilo Nalu –Diver-installed wells for sampling porewater –Remotely-operated experiments measuring sediment-seawater fluxes Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2 Frank Sansone (Ocean) Geno Pawlak (ORE) Mark Merrifield (Ocean) Funding: NSF

3. Nuisance macro-algal blooms cause large impacts on Maui, but the source of the nutrients driving the blooms has never been identified Our research indicates that nearshore nutrient levels reflect a complex interplay of: –Groundwater input –Tide –Wind –Diel variation in sediment diagenesis Radionuclide and stable-isotopic tracers are proving to be key tools in understanding this complex system Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2 Land-Sea Exchange Across the Coastal Zone PI’s: Celia Smith (Botany) Frank Sansone (Ocean) Funding: NOAA - Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms

4. Personnel: PIs: K. RuttenbergB. GlazerM. McManus Grad students:R. BriggsC. Young GES students:D. SulakD. Hull High school students:Linda RuiLili Zhao The Pond: - Southern bank of He’eia Stream on K-bay - Stewards: Paepae O He’eia & Kam Schools - Local historic and present-day significance - Anthropogenic impacts on ecology / aquaculture Bottom & Storm Sediment Impacts on Nutrient Cycling in He’eia Fishpond Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2

5. 1*,** 2** 4** 5** 7*,** 8*,** 9*,** 10** 11** 12** 13*,** 14** 16*,** 17** 19** 20** RM1 RM2 RM3 River River Mouth OM1 TM OB OM2 Site A Site B Ocn1 Ocn2 P P P Air-ref P H2O-ref P T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Ar Aq Ar Aq P P P Storm sediment and nutrient inputs perturb coastal ecosystems Anthropogenic activity within watershed has increased sediment influx, with potentially deleterious effects We are studying the effects of storms and benthic sediments on nutrient cycling and ecosystem dynamics - In situ, continuous T, P, v - Discrete sampling of nutrients and phytoplankton - Nutrient forcing of algal community composition 18*,** 15*,** 6*,** 3*,** Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2 Non-Cabled Coastal Observatory

6. He’eia Fishpond

7. Cascade Head - Short residence time DIP not correlated with APA DIP exceeds DOP at 5m Cape Perpetua - Long residence time DIP correlates with APA DOP exceeds DIP at 5m APA repressed with DIP DiatomsDinoflagellates Personnel: PI: K. Ruttenberg: Biogeochemistry Co-PIs: S. Dyhrman (WHOI): phytoplankton physiology, enzyme assays Y. Spitz (OSU): Coupled Physical-Ecosystem modeling NSF-OCE: Bathymetric Forcing of Nutrient Cycling in the Coastal Ocean Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ) Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2

8. CRIMP-CO 2 and HiOOS buoys/sensors: New Opportunities Development / expansion of collaborations -NOAA/PMEL -Hi-DOH -Hi-DLNR Address shared state, Regional and global interests Provide platforms for technology development Provide platforms for in-situ experiments Educational component -train new workforce in operational oceanography -outreach opportunities at K-12 level -use of platform data for undergrad research projects Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2

9. Needs and Concerns In-state nutrient analysis facility Student / staff shop for fabricating field apparatus Coastal research vessel for coring and vibracoring, land-sea radionuclide flux monitoring Frozen & refrigerated storage on campus Sea Grant provides a bridge to local stake holders; societally-relevant research is attractive to students -Inadequate GA stipend rate (<50% SOEST rate) -Required cost match presents significant challenge

10. Strategies to Consider Prevail on Sea Grant to provide respectable RA support Foster collaboration with other state agencies Foster collaboration with industry Expand and increase efficiency of ESF Assist with data stream handling Education/Public Outreach to facilitate field measurement-to-public products Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2

11. Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, CO 2, Nutrients Upcoming Research Initiatives NSF –Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry –Ocean Acidification NOAA –Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) –Sea Grant

12. Benthic-water column coupling: - benthic photosynthesis - diurnal O 2 oscillations in bottom water & sediments Diurnal redox changes impact: -Magnitude and direction of sediment-seawater nutrient exchange -Water column nutrient inventories -Ecosystem structure and dynamics -Selection for indigenous vs. invasive species %DO Pressure %DO pH Julian Day swi He’eia Fishpond Biogeochemistry of coastal systems: Sediment-SW fluxes, Land-sea exchange, Nutrients, CO 2