1. Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments Richard Zeebe Jane Schoonmaker Telu Li Fred Mackenzie Chris Measures Tony Clarke Brian Glazer Barry Huebert Kathleen Ruttenberg Eric DeCarlo David Ho

2. Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments Will not review all research projects/PIs  Examples Big questions (1) What is the human impact on global elemental cycles? (2) How will ocean acidification affect carbonate production and dissolution? (3) How can paleoclimatology help to predict climate changes? (4) What are the roles of sediment geochemistry and seafloor-ocean exchange in sinks/sources of global elemental cycles? (5) What do transient tracers tell us about changes in ocean circulation?

3. It will change the way we interpret the oceanic record New 10-year program will provide - A coordinated Trace-Element and Isotope (TEI) survey of the oceans - Input for global C and climate models - A framework of chemical proxies for paleoceanography GEOTRACES is starting and is already funded by NSF. UH needs observational oceanographers to be able to take advantage of the funding associated with these programs. Chris Measures (Steering Committee) Global Element Cycles Expeditionary Programs (WOCE, CLIVAR, …)

4. Guiding mission To identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions Australia Canada (white) China Japan Korea/Japan New Zealand Taiwan U.S. Tahiti Easter Island Hawaii Global Element Cycles GEOTRACES Science Plan: www.geotraces.org

5. Global Element Cycles Transient Tracers What do transient tracers tell us about changes in ocean circulation? David Ho Jenkins et al.

6. Global Element Cycles Geochemistry Telu Li Relationship among the nitrate deficit by denitrification (dN”), nitrite (NO2-), and oxygen (O2) concentrations in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Data analyses:  understand global biogeochemical cycles

7. Global Element Cycles Geochemistry Lake Biwa: Largest fresh water lake in Japan BIWA OCEAN  understand similarities/differences between fresh water systems and ocean.

8. Global Element Cycles Ocean acidification Fred Mackenzie Changes in carbonate chemistry and carbonate saturation state of the surface ocean from 1700 to 2300 based on model calculations. Support: NOAA  Coastal Ocean (Kathleen, Eric)

9. Global Element Cycles CaCO 3 production and dissolution Cross over Dissolution Production  Coral reef environments of the Hawaiian Islands

10. Global Element Cycles Ocean acidification Richard Zeebe Support: - Department of Energy - NSF Simulated changes in CaCO 3 saturation state using a global biogeochemical ocean model: YEAR 1810YEAR 2100

11. Paleoclimatology Why bother about the past? Two very recent examples:

12. Paleoclimatology Sedimentary Records of Climate Change – Hawaii, Pacific, and Beyond Objectives Understanding interactions between climate, hydrology, ecosystems, human impacts Revealing paleoclimate forcings and predicting future system behavior Jane Schoonmaker B. Popp, A. Timmermann, (K. Pahnke) Jane Schoonmaker G&G Integrating data with climate models Informing Hawaii state planning

13. Ordy Pond, Oahu Paleoaridity Record Paleoclimatology

14. Precipitation Anomaly + - 20ºN Latitude of Hawaii Paleoclimatology Ordy Pond, Oahu Paleoaridity Record Increasing aridity % C4 Plants n-alkane  13 C 20 60 100-32 -28 -24 Post-Human Contact 2 6 8 10 4 + - Age (kyr BP)

15. Paleoclimatology What’s Next? Add additional proxies to the list: hydrogen isotopes, pollen, diatoms… Another try at acquiring Ordy Other locations: Ka’au Crater, Lk. Kauhakō, Lk. Waiau, Niihau, Easter Island….. Support: NOAA Sea Grant Petroleum Research Fund

16. Paleoclimatology PETM Richard Zeebe PETM The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a future analog? Support: NSF (Multi-Institutional Project, $2.3M).

17. Ocean acidification Links past, present, and future Projects Carbon fluxes Early detection of acidification effects Support: - Department of Energy - NSF

18. Needs (to be continued by Frank) Chris: Hire expeditionary oceanographers (GEOTRACES) Post-doc support (admin, office space, new fellowships) Faculty hire/retention (cost of living/housing)

20. Global Element Cycles GEOTRACES One of the three global planning workshops was held in Hawaii bringing funding and recognition to the state. An international training workshop is being planned for 2009.

21. Paleoclimatology Fred Mackenzie Simulated changes in ocean chemistry over the Phanerozoic (500 Ma). Support: - NSF - NOAA Sea Grant