1. Botulinum Toxin By: Micah Streety, Carson Lougheed, Zachary Maschmann

2. Poison  C 6760 H 10447 N 1743 O 2010 S 32 C H N O S  Very difficult to synthesize  Occurs naturally from Clostridium botulinum  Bacteria broken into 7 subtypes, depending upon physical characteristics

3. Symptoms  Botulism leads to nausea, vomiting, blurry vision, general weakness, paralysis, double vision, and ultimately failure of skeletal and soft muscle tissues

4. Use  As a poison, Botulinum Toxin must be applied to the blood stream  In Botox or Dysport injections, it is applied to a single muscle  Can be applied Intramuscularly, Intravenously and Subcutaneously (fatal applications), and into glands  No permanent effects…

5. Discovery and Cure  It was discovered in 1895 my Emile Van Ermengem in an old ham as the source of a local botulinum toxin outbreak  It can be treated with either Trivalent Botulinum Anti-toxin (antibodies), or a Heptavalent antibody found in Zebras

6. Case Study  Black Tar Heroin,  Subcutaneously, or “Skin Popping”  Increasingly common  First “Skin Popping” Botulinum in New York 1982  ¾ of Botulinum cases in california due to black tar

7. Case Study  Sara, 21 went to thanksgiving at her grandparent’s farm  Ate her grandmother’s own canned vegitables  Blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, while driving a car  Rushed to hospital and treated with Trivalent Botulinum Anti-Toxin

8. Works Cited  Neuromuscular.wustl.edu/nother/bot.htm  www.gillettechildrens.org/ ​ default.  www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles