1. Common Substances Essential to Living Things What do we need to survive?

2. Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds  Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the most common elements in living things  These three elements make up sugars, oils, fats, waxes, starches and proteins  Since all of the above compounds contain carbon – Organic Compounds  If a substance doesn’t contain carbon, then it is called an Inorganic Compound

3. Organic or Inorganic???  Limestone?  Distilled water?  Hydrochloric acid?  Vitamin C?  Fat?  ASA?  Sugar?  Urea?  Silver Nitrate?  Baking Soda?  Bleach?

4. Organic or Inorganic???  Limestone – CaCO 3 ORGANIC  Distilled water – H 2 0INORGANIC  Hydrochloric acid – HClINORGANIC  Vitamin C – C 6 H 8 O 6 ORGANIC  ASA – CH 3 COOC 6 H 4 COOHORGANIC  Sugar – C 6 H 12 O 6 ORGANIC  Urea – NH 2 CONH 2 ORGANIC  Silver Nitrate – AgNO 3 INORGANIC  Baking Soda – NaHCO 3 ORGANIC  Bleach – NaOClINORGANIC

5. Macronutrients Micronutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients  Needed in large amounts for survival  “Macro-” means large or large-scale  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur are all macronutrients in plants  Needed in minor or trace amounts for survival  “Micro-” means small or small-scale  Zinc, iron, cadmium, selenium and others are micronutrients

7. Optimum Amounts  All nutrients (macronutrients or micronutrients) have an optimum amount of which to ingest for best health  Example – Selenium – need for 70 μg (micrograms) for best health

8. Carbohydrates  Made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms  These molecules can form sugars and starches  Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate and is produced by plants during photosynthesis

9. Sources of Carbohydrates

10. Lipids  Made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms  Waxes, oils and fats belong to this group of organic molecules  Plant products contain a large amount of oil (canola seeds, corn, peanuts, soybeans, walnuts and cashews)

11. Examples of Lipids

12. Amino Acids  Amino acids join together to form proteins  has a central carbon atom surrounded by the following elements: hydrogen, oxygen, other carbons, nitrogen or sulfur  Used in growth and repair, as a source of energy and they make up enzymes

13. Sources of Amino Acids

14. Nucleic Acids  Made up of phosphates, simple sugars (called ribose) and nitrogen-containing molecules  All cells contain two nucleic acids:  DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids)  RNA (ribonucleic acids)  Plays a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell’s activities

15. Nucleic Acids