1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT COLLABORATIONS WITH SOUTH KOREAN PARTNERS

2. The aim of the projects where the exchange of ideas, problems, and results using governmental tools and funds from both countries. These projects established the basis for co-operation between groups of researchers in both countries, Romania and Korea. The synergistic effect was possible through sharing experience and knowledge. The environmental actions are chosen and studied to develop the novel concepts and technology in the field. In addition, cooperation and exchange of experience between two research groups on common topics in the environmental engineering field serve as the entrance gate for the wider and deeper partnership in the environmental engineering and other field of application in general.

3. The coordinators of both countries were carrying on common scientific interest and they know the real technical problems associated their research activities. The results of bilateral activities have been published as scientific papers with co-authorship, oral/poster presentations in technical meetings and technical reports. Using reciprocal relationships, partners are developing new research projects and useful collaborations.

4. KOREAN-ROMANIAN JOINTS COMMITTEE ON SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION First: Seoul 3 December 2007 Second: Bucharest, September 15, 2009 2008-2009: 8 projects 2010-2011: 5 projects National Authority for Scientific Research International Cooperation Bureau, Ministry of Education

5. Fist project (2008-2009), named “The advanced Treatment of Water and Wastewater with Ultrasound”, acronym TWWU, was coordinated by PhD. Eng. David Elena, ICSI Rm. Valcea, Romania and Professor Khim Jeehyeong, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Eng., Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

6. First ICSI project (2008-2009), named “The advanced Treatment of Water and Wastewater with Ultrasound”, acronym TWWU, was coordinated by Professor Khim Jeehyeong, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Eng., Korea University, Seoul, Korea. Ultrasound in Environmental Technology: The advanced treatment of water and wastewater is one of the key issues in both countries of Romania and Korea. The conventional oxidation processes based on the biological and chemical oxidation power are not good enough to treat the nonbiodegradabe minor trace organics or strong wastes. One of the emerging ideas in the advanced treatment is the use of ultrasound, which has wave length of more than 20KHz. The irradiation of ultrasound itself creates the cavitation phenomena. The breakdown of organic pollutant occurs in the cavitation bubble as well as in the interfacial area. Also, the ultrasound can be combined with the other chemical oxidation process and have synergistic effects. 30,000,000 Hz 1,000,000 Hz 20,000 Hz 20 Hz Ultrasound Diagnostic medical US Audible sound Applied to environmental treatments

7. 1. Irradiation of sound energy to aqueous phase Ultrasound is applied to homogeneous or heterogeneous aqueous phase 2. Formation of sound field 3. Induction of cavitation 5,000 K 1,000 atm 4. Chemical & Physical effects of cavitation → Transformation / Transfer phenomena Cavitation bubble

8. Pyrolytic center Temp. : ~ 3000 – 5000 K Pressure : ~ 1000 atm Interfacial region Temp. : ~ 300 – 2000 K Bulk solution Temp. : ~ 300 K

9. ■ Chemical effects : Transformation (Degradation) Cavitation bubble Volatile pollutants Non-volatile pollutants H 2 O / O 2 Radical oxidation 5,000 K 1,000 atm Volatiles : Pyrolysis Non-volatiles : Radical oxidation H 2 O O 2 H· + H 2 O O· + H 2 O H· + O 2 2HO· 2HOO· →→→→→→→→→→→→→→ H· + ·OH 2O· HO· + H 2 2·OH HOO· H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 + O 2 Pyrolysis Radical oxidation

10. RESULTS Useful links: *The chemistry of ultrasound * Sonoelectrochemistry * Japan Society of Socochemistry * European Society of Chemistry * Ultrasonic Industry Association * Cavitation And Bubble Dynamics * ASHLAND * Ultrasonics Sonochemistry * HIELSCER - Ultrasound Technology * Sonochemistry * RSC - Advancing the Chemical Sciences * AAAS - Science Scientifically contributions: 15 articles, abstracts or presentations Web page: http://www.icsi.ro/proiecte/internationale/twwu/engleza/index.htmlhttp://www.icsi.ro/proiecte/internationale/twwu/engleza/index.html

11. Actual project (2010-2011), named “The investigation, remediation and monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination; exchange of ideas and development of cooperative research projects”, acronym INREMAS, is coordinated by PhD. Eng. Iordache Ioan, National Research&Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm. Valcea, Romania and Professor Cho Jong Soo, Catholic University, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Seoul, Korea. Key issues: Investigation Remediation Monitoring The Korean team will prepare a program (seminars, reports, visits, etc.) about remediation of soil and groundwater and the Romanian part a program (seminars, reports, visit, etc.) about monitoring and investigation. Objectives and foreseen advantages: The specific objectives of this project are as follows: To have meeting twice a year and have workshops to discuss about the investigation, remediation and monitoring of soil and groundwater contaminated sites, To publish technical papers in international conferences and journals. And the contributions from this project will be as follows: to bridge research ideas and experience between environmental researchers and engineers in two countries, to extend the knowledge in the investigation, remediation techniques and monitoring of soil and groundwater contaminated sites, to train and educate graduate students in this field of research, science and technology

12. Actual project (2010-2011), named “The investigation, remediation and monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination; exchange of ideas and development of cooperative research projects”, Ex. Reactive barriers

13. RESULTS-1- Scientifically and technical visits in Romania 2010: Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Lab Gas Analysis Lab Microbiology Lab Micro-production Materials Lab Chemical & Physical Analysis Lab Gas chromatography Lab Radioactivity Analysis Lab

14. RESULTS-2- Web pages: http://www.icsi.ro/proiecte/internationale/inremas/engleza/index.html Scientifically contributions: 15 articles, abstracts or presentations.

15. Expectations 1.New fruitfully collaborations; 2.Increase the diversity of partners: research institutes, professional associations, foundations and industrial (private) companies; 3.Till at this moment was prepared new proposals that imply both research centers and industry. For more details about collaborations, results or intentions, please visit: http://www.icsi.ro/proiecte/internationale.html

16. Thank you for attention!