1. CHAT Cultural historical activity theory Sten Ludvigsen InterMedia University of Oslo

2. CHAT – InterMedia  Empirical contexts – InterMedia  Design experiments in schools (science, project work, social science, art history, etc)  Other naturalistic settings – workplaces (hospitals, computer engineering, software development – knowledge management system in action)  Video-ethnography –  observations – documents – video-recordings- interview – logs,

3. CHAT  (1) the idea of object-orientation  (2) the idea of mutual constitution of actions and activity systems  (3) the idea of mediation by tools and signs  (4) the idea of historicity  (5) the idea of multi-voicedness of activity  (6) the idea of contradictions as source of change  (7) the idea of zone of proximal development/expansion

4. Object-orientation The object The idea of radical transformation

5. The object  LEONT’EV: THE IS NO ACTIVITY WITHOUT AN OBJECT  THE OBJECT GIVES DURABLE DIRECTION AND PURPOSE TO ACTIVITY: IT IS THE TRUE MOTIVE OF ACTIVITY (NOT REDUCIBLE TO CONSCIOUS GOALS)  OBJECT IS A MOVING TARGET, NEVER FULLY ACCOMPLISHED: A HORIZON OF POSSIBLE ACTIONS  OBJCET IS MULTI-FACETED, A MOSAIC OF MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS, VOICES AND POSITIONINGS  OBJECT RESISTS AND KICKS BACK

6. Objects-orientation– social interaction, dialogues  NEW WAVE OF ATTEMPTS TO BUILD A THEORY OF LEARNING AND COGNITION ON DIALOGUE AND COMMUNICATION AS OPPOSED TO OBJECT-ORIENTATION  GERRY STAHL: GROUP COGNITION (MIT Press, 2006)  RUPERT WEGERIF: DIALOGIC EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY (Springer, 2007)  ANNA SFARD: THINKING AS COMMUNICATING (Cambridge University Press, 2008)

7. CHAT  VYGOTSKY vs. BAKHTIN  DIALECTICS vs. DIALOGISM  TOOL-MEDIATION vs. MEDIATION BY OTHER PEOPLE  TIME AND HISTORY vs. SPACE AND SITUATION  MATERIALITY AND MULTIMODALITY vs. SIGNS AND TALK

8. CHAT – objects  OBJECT TENDS TO BE DESCRIBED AS FROZEN, REIFIED AND STATIC  NEGLECT OF THE DYNAMICS OF OBJECTS AS UNFINISHED PROJECTS (Latour, Knorr-Cetina)  OBJECTS NOT SEEN IN THEIR MOVEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONS (compare Engeström & Blackler, 2005)

9. CHAT – objects  OBJECT TENDS TO BE DESCRIBED AS FROZEN, REIFIED AND STATIC  NEGLECT OF THE DYNAMICS OF OBJECTS AS UNFINISHED PROJECTS (Latour, Knorr-Cetina)  OBJECTS NOT SEEN IN THEIR MOVEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONS (compare Engeström & Blackler, 2005)