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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture Most common Allows for… 250,000 Hunters & Gatherers
Settlement Development Civilization
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Agriculture Commercial Farming Market Subsistence Only enough
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Agriculture Origin Carl Sauer Vegetative Planting SE Asia Diffusion
Not seeds / Parts of plants SE Asia Separation / Replanting Diffusion China, Japan, Africa, SW Asia, etc
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Agriculture Origin Andes / West Africa Physical barriers
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Seed Agriculture Plants from seeds Improvement Higher yield
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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! Quiz Ferret!
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Where does Carl Sauer believe the first hearth of agricultural practices is located?
Quiz Ferret!
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SE Asia using vegetative planting!
Quiz Ferret!
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1st Revolution Agriculture / Neolithic Revolution
12,000 years Domestication Hunter / Gatherer Stationary Independent Development
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Agricultural Revolution
W India Wheat / Barley SW Asia Barley, Wheat, Animals Sheep, Goats Northern China Millet S Mexico Squash / Corn
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Agriculture Northern Peru Cotton Squash Bean
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Industrial Revolution
2nd Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement Land Divided Wealthier Individuals Ownership of Land
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Industrial Revolution
Social Changes Move to cities Jobs Improved Transportation New forms of energy
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Industrial Revolution
New Technologies Horses Collars Field Drainage Irrigation Storage Understanding Soil Nutrients Crop Rotation
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Industrial Revolution
Selective Breeding Plants and Animals
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Industrial Revolution
Globalization / Industrialization Increased food supply Agricultural Production / Fertilizers Pesticides Farming / Food production Specialization From farm to factory
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Industrialization Crops raised / processed / distributed Milk 1700’s
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Agribusiness Modern Food Production
Large Corporate farms Own most or all parts of production Seed -> Marketing and selling of produce
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Green Revolution 1950’s – Present Hybrid Seeds / Fertilizers
Norman Borlaug Hybrid Seeds / Fertilizers Maximize output Help others support populations Mexico India
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Green Revolution Wheat / Maize / Rice World Hunger
Pesticides and Fertilizers World Hunger Grain production increased45%
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Green Revolution Africa Problems Greater inequality
Inadequate resources
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Green Revolution Problems Pollution Pesticides Water
Greater use of energy Pesticides Water Diversity in seed strands
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Bio-Revolution Genetic Modification Genetic Engineering GMO’s
Improve production Genetic Engineering Faster / larger / Pesticides / Drought Resistance
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Bio-Revolution Animals Meat Milk
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Bio-Revolution Support Output Reduce Cost Fertilizer
More food for growing world
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Bio-Revolution Criticism Crop disease Genetic Diversity
More pesticides Push out small farmers
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! Quiz Ferret!
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Who was the American scientist who started the Green Revolution?
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Norman Borlaug! Quiz Ferret!
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agricultural Practices
Subsistence Commercial
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Subsistence Agriculture
Less Developed Nations Provide for family Three Types Shifting Intensive Subsistence Pastoralism
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Subsistence Agriculture
Shifting Cultivation Three Field System Rotate Fields Nutrients Replenished Tropical Regions Africa, Amazon River, SE Asia
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Subsistence Agriculture
Thin top soil Nutrient Depletion Heavy Rains Slash and Burn Agriculture Clear land Swidden Labor intensive Large amounts of Land
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Subsistence Agriculture
Slash and Burn Many types of seed Reduce crop failure risk Environmental Issues Land cannot recover Cause permanent damage
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Subsistence Agriculture
Intensive Subsistence Heavily populated areas Not much land China, India, SE Asia Terraced Farming
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http://agriculturechp10. weebly
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Subsistence Agriculture
Intensive Rice Rainfall Wheat, corn, millet Double Cropping Multiple crops in one field
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Subsistence Agriculture
Pastoralism Breeding and herding Not hospitable for crops Grasslands, deserts, steppes Sedentary Living in one place Nomadic Roaming
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Subsistence Agriculture
Pastoralism Cows, Sheep, Goats, Camels Animal meat not usually for consumptions Use animals for fur, milk, and to trade N Africa, Central / S Africa, ME, Central Asia (Mongolia) Nomads move with cattle Cool highlands = summer Warm lowlands = winter Transhumance
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! Quiz Ferret!
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Which category of agricultural practice is most likely found in LDC?
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Subsistence! Quiz Ferret!
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Commercial Agriculture
For profit Large Scale MDC Capital Intensive Mediterranean Mixed Crop / Livestock Dairying Ranching Large Scale Grain
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Commercial Agriculture
Mediterranean Mediterranean Region Not Mediterranean Region California, Chile, SA, S Australia Hot, dry summers Mild, wet winters Barley, wheat, olives, grapes Sheep / goats
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Commercial Agriculture
Plantation Farming Agricultural Estates 1 or 2 crops in high demand Cash crops Not for immediate human consumption Luxury items Not essentials Money is made from high volume sales
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Commercial Agriculture
Europeans Colonies Luxury items Coffee, tea, cotton, etc Climate not hospitable
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Commercial Agriculture
Mild / Tropical Climates Africa, LA, and Asia Along coast Owned by overseas corporations
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Commercial Agriculture
Mixed Crop / Livestock Crops, Cattle, Sheep, Goats Ducks, Chickens, Crops grown to feed Cattle Cattle produce fertilizer / other products Depend on animals
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Commercial Agriculture
Mixed Crop / Livestock Not dependent on weather Europe / E USA Not as much land available Crop Rotation
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Commercial Agriculture
Ranching Pastoralism Lots of Land Sheep / Cattle Meat / Wool Dry / Arid Climate Western US, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
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Commercial Agriculture
Ranching Fattening Farms
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! Quiz Ferret!
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What type of commercial agriculture is practiced in LDCs?
Quiz Ferret!
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Plantation and Mediterranean Agriculture!
Quiz Ferret!
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Commercial Agriculture
Dairying Milk based products Close to market Perishable dairies Not as close Nonperishable Dairies
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Commercial Agriculture
Dairying Smaller / Capital Intensive Machines Milkshed Produced and shipped Transportation / technology Move further away
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Commercial Agriculture
Large Scale Grain Production Wheat Grown for consumption US Western Europe Cattle
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Commercial Agriculture
Industrial Revolution More land / More efficient Machines Combine Seed Drill Tiller Engine
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Farm Locations Physical Environment Features Soil Relief Climate Shape
Slope / Altitude Climate Rainfall / Temperature
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Farm Locations Political / Cultural Factors Culture Political
Agricultural practices Cows / Pigs / Horses Political Governments Control Prices Loan Programs Seed Types
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Farm Locations Crops National Treasures France and Grapes
Germany and Hops
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Farm Locations Economic Factors Purchase price Coffee Beans Corn
Land Rent Rent farmer pays Influence placing of farm Further away from city
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Farm Locations New Technologies Hydroponics Vertical Gardens
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Von Thunen Model used to predict Assumptions
Explains agricultural land use pattern Assumptions One city = One market place Maximum profit Equally farmable / Equally productive 1 form of transportation Transportation costs are fixed
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Von Thunen Two variables Giant Bull’s Eye Distance from farm to market
Transportation Cost Cost of Land Land Rent Giant Bull’s Eye Market center Rings Extensive vs Intensive Rent and Transportation Cost
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Farm Location Ex: Grain farmer Dairy farmer
Land / further away from city Dairy farmer Land / closer to the city
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Globalization European Colonization Grocery store Mercantilism
Grow / give / sell Grocery store Peripheral / LDC
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Truck Farms Tropical Countries More Developed nations Organic Farming
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Local Food Movement CSA (Community Supported Agriculture)
Back to local markets Small farmers Locally supported
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Local Food Movement Regional Suppliers Reduces pollution from trucks
Food is fresh No preservatives Fewer fertilizers More expensive More expensive methods Local Restaurant buyers
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Urban Food Movement Growing food in urban areas
Learn about food supply Eat healthier Eat local
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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Agriculture and Rural Land Use
Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use
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! Quiz Ferret!
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What are the two important variables in von Thunen’s model?
Quiz Ferret!
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Transportation cost and land rent!
Quiz Ferret!
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Human Impacts Change nature of farming operations Small farmers
Larger corporations Cash Crop problems
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Hunger and Food Supply Food distribution / Access to food
Under nutrition Famine
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Hunger and Food Supply Political Situations Not a shortage Civil War
Inability of food to reach places Infrastructure problem Corruption Problem
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Desertification and Soil Erosion
Soil problems Intense farming for profit Soil Erosion Loss of top layer of soil Desertification Expansion of Desert
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Deforestation Loss of forests Harvesting
Clearing land for plantations, ranching
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Water Use As agriculture expands more water is needed
Water is used in many ways Clean water is not always easy to come by
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Government Action Debt-for-Nature To preserve natural resources
International Debts forgiven
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