2. Milgram Study High Low High No Contact HearSeeTouch Distance of Victim Obedience

3. Milgram Study High Low Nearby At a Distance Same Room On the Phone On Tape Presence of Authority Obedience

4. Milgram Study High Low None OneTwoMore than two Disobedient Peers Obedience

5. Which definitions are operational? A group of professional people posed this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds, “What does love mean?” The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined. See what you think. 1. When my grandmother got arthritis, she couldn’t bend over and paint her toenails anymore. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That’s love. Rebecca—age 8 2. When someone loves you, the way they say your name is different. You know that your name is safe in their mouth. Billy—age 4 3. Love is when a girl puts on perfume and a boy puts on shaving cologne and they go out and smell each other. Karl—age 5 4. Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs. Chrissy—age 6 5. Love is what makes you smile when you’re tired. Terri—age 4 6. Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK. Danny—age 7 7. Love is what’s in the room with you at Christmas if you stop opening presents and listen. Bobby—age 7

6.  Experimental methodology supported by clinical case studies  Experimental studies ▪ Alter nervous system and observe change in behavior ▪ Alter environment and note change in structure  Case Studies ▪ Phineas Gage  Still use similar methods today, but improved measurement techniques

8.  In the 19 th century, the idea that psychology could be made scientific gained favor  Advances in physiology and development of methods for experimenting on the brain

10.  Principle of Mass Action  Until the 15 th century, all regions were similar in structure and operated as a whole  Late 19 th century – was replaced by the idea of localization

12.  German anatomist, physiologist, and physician  Various regions of the brain control certain “faculties,” which were defined as personality and intelligence traits  Phrenology – “doctrine of the skull”  Mapped out charts to guide assessment of faculties based on shape of head  Faded at the beginning of the 20 th century

14.  One of Gall’s leading critics  Brain is an interconnected network of activity.  Discovered that the main divisions of the brain were responsible for different functions  Used ablation to determine function  Concluded that the cerebral hemispheres acted as a unit, containing no specialized organs  Proposed doctrine of plasticity

16.  French physician who demonstrated that the brain shows some localization of function  Discovered speech production center of the brain  Advanced the science of cranial anthropometry  developed many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices

19.  Amount of brain tissue lost was most important for amount of impairment.  Localization is not complete.  Even if one area was lost, another area could be used to solve the task

21.  Treated patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells  Before operating, he stimulated the brain with electrical probes while the patients were conscious  Created maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain

22.  Father of modern neuroscience  Advocated “neuron theory”