1. Valuing the Multiple Uses of Irrigation Water Ruth Meinzen-Dick International Food Policy Research Institute Washington D.C., USA

18. Multiple productive uses of water  Agriculture  Field crops  Gardens  Permanent vegetation  Livestock (including waterfowl)  Fisheries in reservoir, canals, fields  Aquatic plants: lotus, reeds, etc.  Non-agricultural enterprises  Brick making, dyeing, retting, etc.  Tourism, ecotourism

19. Other essential uses of water  Domestic water supply  Drinking water  Bathing, washing  Environmental uses  Wildlife  Groundwater recharge  Recreation  Religion

20. Stakeholder Analysis  Identify multiple users of water, interest groups  By occupational  By gender  By generation within the household  Inside and outside the irrigation system  Look for marginalized groups  Government agencies dealing with each use

21. Management issues  Improving “efficiency” may cut off some uses, reduce overall value of output  Attention to water quality effects, interactions between uses  Infrastructure requirements (e.g. lining for livestock access)

22. Institutional issues  Can government agencies or “user groups” accommodate all needs?  Recognizing formal and informal rights  rights defined by time, space, quantity, quality  Especially important with water transfers

23. Multiple Water Uses in Kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka

24. Economic issues  Capturing value of all uses  in project evaluations  in financing projects  in all prospective water transfers

25. Production and revenue, Tamil Nadu irrigation tanks UseIrrigationFishingDucksBricksSocial Forestry TreesSiltTotal Value of production (Rs/ha) 274613018251711663112 Taxes/fees (Rs/ha) 88150.50.217110275 Fees as % of total value 3.211.42.70.61006.40.08.8

26. Conclusions  Irrigation water produces more than just grain  Identify all uses, users  Information on value of all uses leads to better policies  Providing access to “marginal” users, for livelihood security  Implications for water rights, especially in transfers  Opportunities, but also trade-offs in optimizing joint product of all uses, users