1. Philopappus Monument Kellsey Kern

2. The Basics Grave of Philopappos Mouseion Hill Trajanic times 114-116 Monument Burial Chamber

3. Caius Julius Antiochos Philopappos Descendent of the kings of Commagene Consul at Rome during Trajan’s reign Archon of Athens Athenian citizen Benefactor of Athens?

4. Monument White Pentelic marble Veneered with slabs of Hymettian marble Corinthian pilasters between the niches Frieze, statues Statue inside, guarding tomb chamber

5. Positioning Themistoklean walls serve as a scenic backdrop Faces midway between the Propylaia and the Parthenon Easily visible for several miles outside Athens Highest point within Athens besides the Acropolis; uppermost part of tomb is higher than the summit of the Acropolis Façade is turned to the northeast – easily legible from a distance

6. Depictions Inauguration as consul in Rome in A.D. 109 Philopappos, Antiochos IV, Seleukos Nikator Hercules

7. Inscriptions Lists Philopappos’s various titles Both Greek and Latin Commegenian lineage on right pilaster Membership in deme Besa Archon and agonothete in Dionysia Archon with Lailanos Dedicated his costume consisting in honor of Asklepios

8. “Caius Julius Antiochus Philopappos, son of Caius, of the Fabian tribe, consul, and Arval brother, admitted to the praetorian rank by the Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajan Optimus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus” “King Antiochos Philopappos, son of King Epiphanes, son of Antiochos” “Philopappos, son of Epiphanes, of the deme Besa” “King Antiochos [IV], son of King Antiochos” “King Seleukos Nikator, son of Antiochos”

9. Importance Buried within the city walls. Held chief magistracies in two foreign and prominent cities. Monument was preserved almost intact until the 15 th century A.D. -- Cyriacus of Ancona sketched the monument and copied down the five inscriptions on the façade Architectural parts of the superstructure were used for the construction of the Minaret in the Parthenon.

10. Bibliography Camp, John M. “Roman Athens.” The Archaeology of Athens. Hartzler, Bruce. Athens (Pnyx and Philopappus Hill). Metis, 1998. http://www.stoa.org/metis/cgi-bin/qtvr?site=west;node=5 Hutton, William. Describing Greece. Cambridge: University Press, 2005. Accessed online, 9 Apr 08. http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=978052 1847209&ss=exc Kleiner, Diana E. E. The Monument of Philopappos in Athens. “Philopappos.” Image 4/22. The Stoa Consortium. 9 Apr 08. http://www.stoa.org/athens/sites/philopappos/source/d0206120013.ht ml “Philopappos Hill.” akropol.net, 2004-2006. 9 Apr 08. http://www.akropol.net/philopappos_hill/photos/philopappos-14.jpg “Philopappos Monument.” Hellenic Ministry of Culture, 2007. Hellenic Culture Organization. 9 Apr 08. http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=892 http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=892 Santangelo, M. “Il monumento di C. Julius Antiochos Philopappos in Atene.” Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene, 1947. N.S. 3-5.