1. Chapter 10 Section 1 Essential Question: What are the key events that led to the start of the Civil War?

2. The “Iron Horse” By 1860, 70% of railroad track in North. By 1860, 70% of railroad track in North. How would this benefit the North? How would this benefit the North? What effect might this have in the Civil War? What effect might this have in the Civil War?

3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by? Written by? Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe How did this book portray slavery and the South? How did this book portray slavery and the South? What was its role in contributing to the Civil War? What was its role in contributing to the Civil War?

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

5.  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade.  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade. Uncle Tom’s Cabin - 1852 What theme of slavery was the focus of the book? Role in the build up to the Civil War?

6. Power of Media What are some influential books in your lifetime? What are some influential books in your lifetime?

7. What are examples of recent persuasive movies?

8. Historically, what are examples of famous publications?

9. Famous Historical Images…

10. Antebellum Abolitionist Efforts

11. Antebellum Pro-Slavery Efforts

12. Southern Population: Slave vs. Free

13. Early Emancipation in the North

14. Chapter 10 Section 2 The Mexican-American War EQ: What effect did westward expansion have on the background leading up to the American Civil War? EQ: What effect did westward expansion have on the background leading up to the American Civil War?

15. SSUSH9 Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. Explain the Compromise of 1850Explain the Compromise of 1850 Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

16. Republic of Texas When did Texas declare itself independent? When did Texas declare itself independent? 1836 1836 Who did the Texans compare themselves to? Who did the Texans compare themselves to? American Colonists sixty years earlier American Colonists sixty years earlier “Remember the Alamo” “Remember the Alamo”

17. James K. Polk 11 th President of the U.S. Saw war with Mexico as a way to complete the manifest destiny of the U.S. Saw war with Mexico as a way to complete the manifest destiny of the U.S. Thought war victory would allow U.S. to control CA & NM Thought war victory would allow U.S. to control CA & NM Added more territory to U.S. than any other President Added more territory to U.S. than any other President

18. Sectional Attitudes Toward War Two reasons the South favors the war: Two reasons the South favors the war: 1. Extend slavery 2. Increase Southern power in Congress Two reasons the North opposed the war: Two reasons the North opposed the war: 1. Plot to expand slavery 2. Extend Southern influence in congress

19. Wilmot Proviso What compromise does this contradict? States that slavery will be prohibited in all lands that might be gained from Mexico States that slavery will be prohibited in all lands that might be gained from Mexico Southerners saw this as an attack on their state’s rights and turned the debate over war with Mexico into a debate over slavery Southerners saw this as an attack on their state’s rights and turned the debate over war with Mexico into a debate over slavery

20. Missouri Compromise

21. The Mexican American War The American Invasion of Mexico lasted about one year The American Invasion of Mexico lasted about one year 25,000 Mexicans died in the war 25,000 Mexicans died in the war 13,000 Americans died in the war 13,000 Americans died in the war The war increased the territory of the U.S. by 1/3 The war increased the territory of the U.S. by 1/3

23. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Ends the Mexican-American War Ends the Mexican-American War Three stipulations of the treaty: Three stipulations of the treaty: 1. Rio Grande River is new border with Texas 2. Mexico cedes CA & NM to U.S. 3. U.S. pays $15 million for the Mexican cession What happens to the Mexican citizens in these areas? What happens to the Mexican citizens in these areas? They become American Citizens They become American Citizens

24. Gadsden Purchase Bought in 1853 from Mexico for $10 million Bought in 1853 from Mexico for $10 million Used for the southern transcontinental railroad Used for the southern transcontinental railroad

25. California is a lonely outpost before the gold rush California is a lonely outpost before the gold rush San Francisco population is 1,000 in 1848 by 1850, after the gold rush it is 35,000 San Francisco population is 1,000 in 1848 by 1850, after the gold rush it is 35,000 What is a forty-niner? What is a forty-niner? Gold prospectors who flocked to CA in 1849 hoping to get rich quick Gold prospectors who flocked to CA in 1849 hoping to get rich quick California Gold Rush

26. Chapter 10 Section 3 Essential Question: Essential Question: What are the key events that lead to the start of the Civil War? What are the key events that lead to the start of the Civil War?

27. Missouri Compromise Series of agreements passed in 1820 to maintain balance of power b/w slave and free states Series of agreements passed in 1820 to maintain balance of power b/w slave and free states All land north of 36,30 latitude would be off limits to slavery All land north of 36,30 latitude would be off limits to slavery Maine admitted as a free state & Missouri as a slave state to maintain balance Maine admitted as a free state & Missouri as a slave state to maintain balance

28. Missouri Compromise

30. Compromise of 1850 Developed by Henry Clay to settle “all questions in controversy between the slave and free states”. Developed by Henry Clay to settle “all questions in controversy between the slave and free states”. The addition of which state to the union created the need for this compromise? The addition of which state to the union created the need for this compromise? Henry Clay

31. Terms of the Compromise of 1850 1. California admitted to the Union as a free state 2. Utah & New Mexico territories decide for themselves about slavery 3. Sale of slaves banned in D.C. Slavery may continue, just not the sale of slaves 4. Fugitive Slave Act required people in free states to help capture runaway slaves  Who favored the Compromise? Opposed?

32. Fugitive Slave Act Law enacted as a part of Compromise of 1850 to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned to bondage Law enacted as a part of Compromise of 1850 to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned to bondage Federal commissioners paid an extra $10 to return fugitive slaves Federal commissioners paid an extra $10 to return fugitive slaves Any person convicted of helping a fugitive slave could be put in jail and fined $1000 Any person convicted of helping a fugitive slave could be put in jail and fined $1000

33. 1852 Election Results What happened to the Whig Party after 1852?

34. The “Know-Nothings” (The American Party ) Nativist Nativist Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic Anti- immigrant Anti- immigrant 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

35. Kansas-Nebraska Act Would repeal the Missouri Compromise, passed in May of 1854 Would repeal the Missouri Compromise, passed in May of 1854 NE is north of the 36,30 line that prohibits slavery NE is north of the 36,30 line that prohibits slavery Allow popular sovereignty in KS/NE Allow popular sovereignty in KS/NE What was the reaction to the Kansas- Nebraska act in the North & South? What was the reaction to the Kansas- Nebraska act in the North & South?

36. Kansas-Nebraska Act

37. Popular Sovereignty What is it? What is it? The right of residents in new territories to vote for or against slavery The right of residents in new territories to vote for or against slavery How did could this benefit both the North & South? How did could this benefit both the North & South?

38. Replaces the Whigs as the 2 nd major political party – Made up of: Replaces the Whigs as the 2 nd major political party – Made up of:  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act. How did the creation of the Republican Party further divide the United States? How did the creation of the Republican Party further divide the United States? - Purely sectional Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Official platform? The opposition to slavery further expanding into new territories.

39. Chapter 10 Sections 4 & 5 Essential Question: How did the creation of popular sovereignty in the new U.S. territories result in additional conflict that led to the Civil War? Chapter 10 Sections 4 & 5 Essential Question: How did the creation of popular sovereignty in the new U.S. territories result in additional conflict that led to the Civil War?

40. Bleeding Kansas Battle b/w abolitionists & slaveholders for control of the Kansas territory Battle b/w abolitionists & slaveholders for control of the Kansas territory Slaveholders from MO voted illegally and help set up a proslavery government Slaveholders from MO voted illegally and help set up a proslavery government  Two rival governments set up at different capitals  Proslavery forces march into Lawrence and destroy the antislavery capital

42. John Brown Abolitionist who led the Pottawatomie Massacre in response to events at Lawrence Abolitionist who led the Pottawatomie Massacre in response to events at Lawrence Provoked many other attacks between proslavery settlers & free-soilers Provoked many other attacks between proslavery settlers & free-soilers In all about 200 people are killed In all about 200 people are killed

43. The caning of Charles Sumner In the Senate, 1856 Charles Sumner gives an anti-slavery speech in which he insults an SC Senator, Andrew Butler In the Senate, 1856 Charles Sumner gives an anti-slavery speech in which he insults an SC Senator, Andrew Butler Sen. Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks later walks into the Senate and beats Sumner in the head repeatedly with his cane Sen. Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks later walks into the Senate and beats Sumner in the head repeatedly with his cane

44. Answer the following questions: 1.What political party was Charles Sumner a member of? 2.What two senators did Sumner verbally attack? 3.Who was Preston Brooks? Why was he upset with Charles Sumner? 4.Why do you think Preston Brooks did not consider Charles Sumner to be a Gentleman? 5.How did the rest of the Senate react to this incident? 6.Compare the reactions of the North & South to the Caning of Sumner. How are they different? How are they alike? 7.What does this event show about the North and the South?

45. Election of 1856 Close election was won by Democrat James Buchanan Close election was won by Democrat James Buchanan Buchanan would prove to be a weak and ineffective president who would do little to stop secession Buchanan would prove to be a weak and ineffective president who would do little to stop secession James Buchanan James Buchanan

46. 1856 Election Results Why did many Northerners Not vote for Buchanan?

47. The Dred Scott Case Why did Scott claim he was free in 1834? Why did Scott claim he was free in 1834? B/C he had lived in free territories B/C he had lived in free territories What did the Supreme Court say about Dred Scott & slaves in general? What did the Supreme Court say about Dred Scott & slaves in general? Three rulings in the Dred Scott Case 1. Slaves did not have rights of citizens 2. Scott had no claim to freedom b/c he was living in MO 3. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Why?

48. Reaction to Dred Scott How did the South respond? How did the South respond? How did the North respond? How did the North respond? How did this ruling clear the way for the extension of slavery? How did this ruling clear the way for the extension of slavery?

49. Lecompton Constitution  Written in 1857 by the proslavery gov’t at Lecompton, Kansas who was trying to join the Union as a slave state  Free-Soilers greatly outnumbered the proslavery settlers and rejected the document  President Buchanan endorsed the proslavery Lecompton Constitution b/c so many proslavery Southerners had helped him win the presidency  What was the reaction to this across the country?

50. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. - Abraham Lincoln A House divided against itself, cannot stand. - Abraham Lincoln Major Issues of the debate?

51. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859 Plan? Reaction across the United States?

52. Election of 1860 Three major candidates run for president Three major candidates run for president Democrats are split just as the North and South are split over the issue of slavery Democrats are split just as the North and South are split over the issue of slavery Relatively unknown Republican Abraham Lincoln wins a close election having garnered no electoral votes from the South Relatively unknown Republican Abraham Lincoln wins a close election having garnered no electoral votes from the South How did the South view the election of Lincoln and the Republicans to the White House? How did the South view the election of Lincoln and the Republicans to the White House? √ Abraham Lincoln Republican Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

53. 1860 Election Results What is significant about the election? Why did the Democrats split? Why was Douglass unacceptable to some Democrats? What did the Republicans seem to threaten?

54. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

55. Confederate States of America  What was the main difference between the CSA constitution and the USA constitution?  Was U.S. President Buchanan able to stop secession?  Who becomes President of the CSA? Jefferson Davis

56. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

57. How did the Southerners leaving the Union compare themselves to the founding fathers? How did the Southerners leaving the Union compare themselves to the founding fathers? Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight? Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight? vs. vs.