1. The Steps Before Unmanned Ships
Oskar Levander, VP Innovation, Rolls-Royce Marine
Smart Operations
Copenhagen,

2. Marine Trends

3. Information Technology
The dawn of the Ship Intelligence era

4. Ship Intelligence
© 2015 Rolls-Royce plc Oskar Levander

5. Automation & Control Positioning & Manoevering Systems
Integrated Automation & Control Systems
Integrated Bridge Systems
© 2015 Rolls-Royce plc Oskar Levander

6. Unified Bridge
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7. Unified Bridge Common look and feel
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8. oX – Operating Experience
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9. oX – Augmented Reality
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10. oX – Situation Awerness
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11. Connectivity

12. Data Logging Vessel Operational Performance Data Vessel Position Data
Product usage specific data
Selection of Control Systems data
Other available data:
RCI data, safety records, Doc Library, maintenance data, ERP/Baan/SAP data, Design data from PLM, test records, service reports
Environmental data
Product condition specific data
(temp, pressures, etc.)
Vibration, Oil monitoring (particles, moisture), speed, load, steering angle
Fuel and efficiency specific data

13. Energy Management Shore-side support and optimisation services
Onboard ship performance monitoring
Customer web portals

14. Equipment and System Health Monitoring

15. Remote Support
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16. Remote Opportunities

17. Unmanned Remote Controlled Ships
Making ship transport more efficient and safe!

18. Unmanned Trend in Society
It is not IF, but WHEN...
Marine is only following todays trend!

19. Key Development Areas Communications Cyber Security
Operation optimization
Remote control center
Situational awareness systems
Remote controlled systems
Health & safety management

20. International Regulatory Obstacles
SUA
Art.3-8
Load lines
Ax. 1
Examples of conflicts with present international rules and regulations
SOLAS
Ch. IV 12
COLREG
Pt. A-B
GMDDS,
Ship Registration Convention
ISPS
code
SOLAS
Ch.V Reg 11, 14, 22, 33, 44, …
STCW
Ch.III
ILO C
UNCLOS
Art. 94,
ISM Code,
SALVAGE
Ch.2
REISSUE
2024?

21. Roadmap Unmanned ships will most likely start with local applications!
Reduced crew with remote support and operation of certain functions
Remote controlled unmanned coastal vessel
Autonomous unmanned ocean going ship
Remotely operated
local vessel
Remote controlled unmanned ocean going ship
Unmanned ships will most likely start with local applications!

22. First Step Towards Remote Operations
Ship Intelligence will provide the means to make ships more efficient and leaner
Remote support and operation combined with increased level of automation will reduce the number of crew required

23. Case Study - Market Short routes in Northern Europe
Smaller ports with low to moderate cargo volumes
Existing fleet is old and in need of replacement
Old vessel design criteria is outdated
SECA regulations are in force and require expensive fuel or convertions
Difficult to financially justify a new build vessel, particullarily small to medium sized
© 2015 Rolls-Royce plc Oskar Levander

24. Case Study - LEAN RoRo Fixed route 1500 lane meters
Double stack containers on cassettes and trailers
Small ship will enable traffic from ports with limited cargo volumes
Very low cost needed to make small ship feasible
© 2015 Rolls-Royce plc Oskar Levander

25. Design Philosophy - LEAN
Low crew costs
Minimum bridge crew
Only 1 active bridge crew member at all times
3 crew on constant rotation
Automatic look-out
No dedicated machinery crew
1 multi purpose mechanic/deckhand
Expert remote support from shore centre
No deck crew
Automatic mooring
Cargo lashing completed in port
No ”hotel” crew onboard
Pre fabricated food prepared ashore
Washing and cleaning done in port
Low fuel cost
High efficiency
Smaller displacement (lightweight)
LNG
Modest operating speed

26. Design Philosophy - LEAN
Low building cost
Lean design
Number of systems minimised
No steam system
No diesel fuel system
No water production – bunker water in port
No sewage – return sewage to port
HVAC in deckhouse with direct electricity (no steam or cold water circuit)
Small deck house
One cargo deck, no internal roro ramps
No enclosed cargo deck – lower steel weight
© 2015 Rolls-Royce plc Oskar Levander

27. LEAN RoRo Machinery Installed propulsion power: 7.0 MW
1 x 1000 kW
3277 kW
3 500 kW
130rpm
PTO: kW
PTI: kW
Hotel load
350 kW
2 x 8L Bergen B35:40
1 x MTU 8V4000 M24S
895 kW
Installed propulsion power: 7.0 MW
Service speed: 16.5 kts (15% SM at 76% MCR)
Max speed: kts (15% SM at 94% MCR)

28. Benchmarking
The Lean RoRo is compared with two ships to determine the economic attractiveness of the concept
Reference vessel 1:
Todays market standard
Existing, second hand RoRo from 1990’s
Cargo capacity: 1500 lm
Lower cargo hold
Main deck
Upper deck
Designed for 20 knot, operating far below this design point
Reference vessel 2:
Conventional new build
Modern version of Reference vessel 1 optimised for todays market
Cargo capacity: 1500 lm
Lower cargo hold
Main deck
Upper deck
Speed 17 knot

29. Main Characteristics Reference vessel 1 Second hand 1990 design
Conventional New Build
Lean RoRo
LPP [m]
128
150
Breadth [m]
22.7 29
Draught [m]
6.7 5
Lane meters [m]
1500 (only partial double stack)
1500
(double stack)
Displacement [ton]
12 200
10 280
Service speed [kts] 20 17
16.5

30. Crew cost Assumption: Northern European crew Lean RoRo
3 bridge crew + 1 mechanic/deckhand = 4 total crew
Reference vessel:
12 multidisciplinary crew

31. Operating Costs Lower crew costs
Lower fairway and port fees – lower GT
Lower fuel cost:
LNG vs MGO
Lower hotel load
No cargo area ventilation
Smaller accommodation area
Fewer systems onboard
Lower operating speed - faster loading and unloading
All cargo on main deck – no internal ramps
Wide stern ramps
Assumptions:
MGO $ 600 /ton
Lng $ 11 /mmBTU = $ 511/ton
Euro/USD 1.19
FOR GUIDANCE ONLY

32. Lean RoRo - CAPEX Lower building cost Lower steel weight and volume
Less roro equipments – single deck
Smaller accommodation
Fewer systems onboard
No cargo ventilation – open deck
No steam system (no HFO heating)
No water production (bunker in port)
No sewage treatment (return to port)
Only three engines
Additional cost
LNG storage system
Redundant machinery and remote system
LNG tanks incl.
Euro/USD 1.19
FOR GUIDANCE ONLY

33. Total Annual Costs 10 years and 7% interrest FOR GUIDANCE ONLY
Second hand value assuemd to be 50% of new build
FOR GUIDANCE ONLY

34. Conclusions We are at the dawn of the Ship Intelligence era
LEAN ship concepts with reduced number of crew can offer an attractive solution on short sea routes!

35. “
The best way to
predict the future
is to create the future “