1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Tissues

2. Photos, Diagrams, Tables & Notes

3. Fig. 5.co The whole is greater than the sum of its parts!

4. Table. 5.01 Four Types of Tissues

5. Tissues = groups of similar cells specialized to carry on a specific function. Four Types of Tissue: 1.Epithelial = protective coverings & secretion/absorption. 2.Connective = support and bind structures together. 3.Muscle = movement 4.Nervous = conduct impulses

6. Types of Tissue

7.  Macromolecules, solutions or salts surrounding cells.  Secreted by cells.  Functions as support for cells.  Allows for cell communication. Extracellular Matrix = “stuff” outside of cell.

8. Table. 5.03 Epithelial Tissues

9. Epithelial Tissues – covers organs, lines body cavities, lines hallow organs, forms glands. Since it covers or lines, it always has one side that is exposed or open. Basement Membrane = the extra-cellular matrix that is on the underside (non-open side) of the epithelial tissue.

10.  Nutrients diffuse into epithelial tissue from surrounding connective tissue.  No direct blood supply.  Tightly packed epithelial make excellent protective barriers. Epithelial Tissue – cont.

11. Classification of Epithelial Tissue Shape of cells: Squamous – flat, squished Cuboidal – cube shaped Columnar – elongated, like columns

12. Classification of Epithelial – cont. Number of layers of cells: Simple – one layer Stratified – 2 or more layers Pseudostratified – look stratified but are not! (“psuedo” = false )

13. Fig. 5.01 Simple Squamous Epithelium

14. Fig. 5.01a

15. Fig. 5.01b

16. Fig. 5.01c

17. Fig. 5.01d Simple Squamous Epithelium are common sites of diffusion and filtration. Forms alveoli, walls of capillaries, line body cavities. Very thin and delicate, so it is easily damaged!

18. Fig. 5.02 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Covers the ovaries and lines kidney tubules and ducts of some glands. Functions in secretion (glands) and in absorption (kidneys).

19. Fig. 5.02a

20. Fig. 5.02b

21. Fig. 5.03 Simple Columnar Epithelium Ciliated – are found in female reproductive tubes (fallopian tubes). Nonciliated – are found lining the stomach, small and large intestines.

22. Fig. 5.03a Microvilli – many folds or process of the cell membrane. The increase surface area and aid in absorption. Goblet Cells – flask shaped cells that secrete mucus for protection.

23. Fig. 5.03b Simple columnar epithelium secrete digestive fluids and absorb nutrients.

24. Fig. 5.04 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Nuclei do not form a straight line, making the single layer look stratified. Lines the trachea – goblet cells and cilia work to trap particles and move them upward, out of the airways.

25. Fig. 5.04a

26. Fig. 5.04b

27. Fig. 5.05 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

28. Fig. 5.05a Keratin = protein that is water resistant and tough. *Keratinized cells form the epidermis of the skin. (cells are not alive at surface) *Non-keratinized SSE line oral cavity, vagina, esophogus & anal canal. (cells are alive at surface)

29. Fig. 5.05b

30. Fig. 5.06 Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Lines the larger ducts of the mammary and sweat glands. Provides protection.

31. Fig. 5.06a

32. Fig. 5.06b

33. Fig. 5.07 Stratified Columnar Epithelium Superficial cells are Columnar, but basal cells are Cuboidal. Found in male urethra, vas defrens and parts of pharynx.

34. Fig. 5.07a

35. Fig. 5.07b

36. Fig. 5.08 Transitional Epithelium

37. Fig. 5.08a Provides “stretch-ability” and protection to the inner layer of the urinary bladder and urethra.

38. Fig. 5.08b

39. Fig. 5.08c

40. Fig. 5.08d

41. Table. 5.02 Glandular Epithelium Endocrine Glands – Secrete products directly into blood or tissues. (ex. Adrenal, thyroid, etc.) Exocrine Glands – Secrete products into ducts, that then open onto surfaces (Salivary, mammary, sweat, etc.)

42. Fig. 5.09 3 Types of Exocrine Glands

43. Fig. 5.09a Merocrine Glands Releases protein-rich fluids. Examples: Sweat Glands, salivary glands & pancreas. Serous cells – watery secretions. Mucous cells – thicker mucus secretions

44. Fig. 5.09b Apocrine Gland Secrete portions of their cells with their products. Example: Mammary glands

45. Fig. 5.09c Holocrine Gland Secretes the whole cell. Ex: Sebaceous Gland (gland of skin/hair)

46. Connective Tissue: Bind structures, provide support, produce blood & store fat. Most varied type of tissue, in appearance and functions. Usually has a lot of extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix varies based on function of connective tissue.

47. Table. 5.04 Common cells and fibers of all connective tissue.

48. Fig. 5.10 Fibroblast

49. Fig. 5.11

50. Fig. 5.12 Mast Cell

51. Table. 5.05 8 Types of Connective Tissues

52. Fig. 5.13 Loose Connective Tissue – binds organs together

53. Fig. 5.13a

54. Fig. 5.13b

55. Fig. 5.14 Adipose Tissue – stores fat, insulates & protects.

56. Fig. 5.14a

57. Fig. 5.14b

58. Fig. 5.15 Dense Connective Tissue – Binds organs together.

59. Fig. 5.15a

60. Fig. 5.15b

61. Fig. 5.16 Hyaline Cartilage – Provides framework, protects bones at joints.

62. Fig. 5.16a

63. Fig. 5.16b

64. Fig. 5.17 Elastic Cartilage – Provides flexible framework.

65. Fig. 5.17a

66. Fig. 5.17b

67. Fig. 5.18 Fibrocartilage – absorbs shock

68. Fig. 5.18a

69. Fig. 5.18b

70. Fig. 5.19 Bone – Provides framework and support.

71. Fig. 5.19a

72. Fig. 5.19b

73. Fig. 5.19c

74. Fig. 5.20 Blood – transports nutrients, waste & chemical messengers.

75. Fig. 5.20a

76. Fig. 5.20b

77. Three types of Muscle Tissue Terms Associated with Muscle Tissue: Striated = looks striped! Has organized bands of actin and myosin microfilaments. Non-Striated = no stripes. Has actin and myosin, just not organized. Voluntary Control – we can control muscles through conscious thoughts. Involuntary Control – we can not control consciously.

78. Table. 5.06

79. Fig. 5.21 Skeletal Muscle – striated muscle, with voluntary and involuntary control.

80. Fig. 5.21a

81. Fig. 5.21b

82. Fig. 5.22 Smooth Muscle – non-striated muscle that is under involuntary controlled. (EX: Blood vessels and digestive tract)

83. Fig. 5.22a

84. Fig. 5.22b

85. Fig. 5.23 Cardiac Muscle = Muscle tissue of the heart. Features: Striated, involuntary & branched. Intercalated discs: help coordinate contractions.

86. Fig. 5.23a

87. Fig. 5.23b

88. Fig. 5.24 Nervous Tissue – neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system. (Brain, spinal cord and nerves)

89. Neuron = cell of nervous tissue that relays signals. Dendrites – receive signals. Cell Body – contains nucleus & organelles. Axon – sends signal to other neurons.

90. Fig. 5.24a

91. Fig. 5.24b

92. Fig. f5.a