1. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Specialized Business Information Systems Chapter 11

2. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Artificial Intelligence

3. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Nature of Intelligence Learn from experience & apply the knowledge Handle complex situations Solve problems when important information is missing Determine what is important

4. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Nature of Intelligence React quickly & correctly to new situations Understand visual images Process & manipulate symbols Be creative & imaginative Use heuristics

5. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence

6. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence

7. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Expert Systems

8. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Characteristics of an Expert System Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions Can display “intelligent” behavior Can draw conclusions from complex relationships Can provide portable knowledge Can deal with uncertainty Not widely used or tested

9. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Characteristics of an Expert System Limited to relatively narrow problems Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge Possibility of error Cannot refine its own knowledge May have high development costs Raise legal and ethical concerns

10. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Capabilities of an Expert Systems Strategic goal setting Planning Design Decision-making Quality control and monitoring Diagnosis

11. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Capabilities of Expert Systems

12. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition When to Use Expert Systems High payoff Preserve scarce expertise Distribute expertise Provide more consistency than humans Faster solutions than humans Training expertise

13. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Components of an Expert System

14. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Knowledge Base Assembling human experts The use of fuzzy logic The use of rules The use of cases

15. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Knowledge Base

16. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Inference Engine Backward chaining Forward chaining Comparison of backward and forward chaining

17. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Use of Rules

18. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Knowledge Acquisition Facility

19. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Components of an Expert System The explanation facility The knowledge acquisition facility The user interface

20. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development

21. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems Domain expert Knowledge engineer Knowledge user

22. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems

23. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Domain Experts Recognize the real problem Develop a general framework for problem solving Formulate theories about the situation Develop and use general rules to solve a problem Know when to break the rules or general principles Solve problems quickly and efficiently

24. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques

25. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques

26. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Alternatives

27. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence Credit granting and loan analysis Stock picking Catching cheats and terrorists Budgeting

28. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Applications of Expert System and Artificial Intelligence Information management and retrieval Games Virus detection Hospitals and medical facilities

29. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Virtual Reality

30. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Virtual Reality Enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Immersive virtual reality - user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer Virtual reality system - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment

31. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Segway

32. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Interface Devices Head-mounted display (HMD) Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM) CAVE Haptic interface

33. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Forms of Virtual Reality Mouse-controlled navigation Stereo projection systems Stereo viewing from the monitor via stereo glasses

34. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Useful Applications Medicine – used to link stroke patients to physical therapists Education and training – used by military for aircraft maintenance Entertainment –Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones

35. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Useful Applications Real Estate Marketing and Tourism –Used to increase real estate sales –Virtual reality tour of the White House

36. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Other Specialized Systems Segway Personal Transporter Adaptive brain interface technology Personal awareness assistant (PAA)

37. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Summary Artificial intelligence - used to describe computers with ability to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain Intelligent behavior - includes the ability to learn from experience Expert systems - can explain their reasoning (or suggested decisions) and display intelligent behavior Virtual reality systems - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Special-purpose systems - assist organizations and individuals in new and exciting ways. For example, Segway