2. Hittin’ the Road… We’re Montgomery-Bound!!! 4 th Grade Field Trip to The State Capital Alabama Written by Julia S. Tutwiler Composed by Edna Gockel Gussen Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to thee, From thy Southern shores where groweth, By the sea thy orange tree. To thy Northern vale where floweth, Deep blue the Tennessee, Alabama, Alabama, we will aye be true to thee! Let’s Sing Our State Song Only the first verse!

3. “Rules for the Road” Remember, you are representing O.E.S. –WE are O.E.S. and WE ARE THE BEST!!! Clean up any and all trash you have. Be respectful to ALL adults on our trip. Be respectful and kind to EACH other. Listen when the tour guide speaks. NO sitting on armrests or seatbacks. NOTHING can go in the toilets except toilet paper. Please don’t spill drinks. NO leaving food in the seats, overhead storage bins, or on the floor. Only twist top bottles are allowed on the bus. NO cheery or grape drinks – for us… only waters on the bus!

4. Objectives & Outcomes 1.Learn Montgomery’s story. 2.Peak your interest in history. 3.Create an awareness of our state history. 4.Create memories together!!!

5. VOCABULARY TO KNOW Pavers – bricks without holes. Segregated – separated. Unconstitutional – against the Constitution of the U.S. which is the highest law in America. Boycott – refuse Capitol – the building that houses the state government offices. Capital – the city where the capitol building is located.

6. Introduction On a piece of paper, answer these questions about your Personal History. 1.Your full name is? 2.Your present address is? 3.How many people are in your family? 4.In what city and state were you born? 5.What is your teacher’s last name?

7. Can You Name Them? Montgomery has 2 national landmarks. Can you name them? Pay close attention as we go through Montgomery!!!

8. Part One A Little History of Montgomery Became a city on December 3, 1819. Remember we became a state that same year on December 14 th. Located on the Alabama River. Two settlements called East Alabama and New Philadelphia joined to become Montgomery. Montgomery is named after a Revolutionary War hero Richard Montgomery (he died during the Revolutionary War). General Richard Montgomery

9. The major cash crop was cotton. Soil was rich and fertile (good for growing things). Alabama River provided transportation. First steamboat in Montgomery was The Harriet. She shipped cotton from Montgomery to Mobile then it was sent to England, France, and northern states. Montgomery is still home to one of the largest cotton brokers in the world – Loeb & Comp. Part One A Little History of Montgomery Cotton Slide Steamboat

10. Andrew Dexter – founded New Philadelphia before it joined with East Alabama. Dexter gave part of his land for the state capital. He raised goats on this property and that is why some people call the grounds of the capital “goat hill.” Part One A Little History of Montgomery

11. Montgomery became state capital in 1846. Was moved from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery. Our state capital is sometimes referred to as “the capital on wheels” because there were four sites prior to Montgomery. –St. Stephens (while we were a territory) –Huntsville –Cahaba –Tuscaloosa Part One A Little History of Montgomery

12. Alabama’s capital has been called the “Capital on Wheels” because it moved 4 different times. The move from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery took 13 wagons to carry the 25,704 pounds of records that were being stored in the archives at the time. Alabama’s state capitol building is one of our 2 national landmarks.

13. City of Montgomery built the capitol building for $75,000. Designed by Stephen D. Button Finished being built in November 1847 Destroyed by a fire on December 14, 1849 – our state’s 40 th birthday!!! Additions to the building have been added over the years. Interesting fact: During one renovation, it was discovered that the front stairs were held up by over 250,000 nails and 2 steel rods! Part One A Little History of Montgomery

14. 1861 – Alabama representatives voted to secede the Union. Alabama became the Republic of Alabama for 3 days. Montgomery was where 6 other southern states met with Alabama to form the Confederate States of America. Montgomery was the first capital of the Confederacy. The house that Jefferson Davis and his family lived in is called The First White House of the Confederacy. Part Two Civil War in Montgomery

15. Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy. There is a gold star on the capitol steps that marks where he took his oath of office. Only lived in Montgomery for 4 months before he moved the capital to Richmond, VA. Part Two Civil War in Montgomery Jefferson Davis being sworn in

16. April 11, 1861 – Civil War began A telegram was sent from the second floor of this building giving General Beauregard orders to fire on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Part Two Civil War in Montgomery

17. April 11 and 12 th of 1865 –Montgomery citizens burned 85,000 bales of cotton so that northern (federal) troops didn’t get them. If it hadn’t been for the wind changing direction and the black fire department, Montgomery would have burned to the ground. Part Two Civil War in Montgomery

18. April 12, 1865 – city of Montgomery surrendered to General Wilson and was placed under Federal Law. This took place from the balcony of the Teague House 3 days after General Lee surrendered to Grant (April 9, 1865). This was also 2 days before President Lincoln would be shot by John Wilkes Booth (April 14, 1865). Part Two Civil War in Montgomery

19. This was a hard time for the South because of changes economically (money), socially, and environmentally. The south had been defeated. Freed slaves were establishing schools, churches, businesses, and building homes. Part Three Reconstruction in Montgomery

20. Josiah Morris –Had a bank in Montgomery. –He financed businesses, railroads, and industry in Montgomery. –Bought 4,150 acres of land and divided it into plots and called it Birmingham. –First steel hi-rise was in Montgomery. It was the First National Bank of Montgomery’s main office. Part Three Reconstruction in Montgomery

21. Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church –First built in 1879 on land purchased for $270 and called Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. –Completed in 1887. –Is now a national landmark. –Originally made of wood. –When street was paved in concrete, red pavers were used to brick their building. Part Three Reconstruction in Montgomery

22. 1880s in Montgomery: 1. Court Street Fountain built in 1885. 2. Train Shed & Station opened May 6, 1898 (it is now Montgomery’s Visitor Center) by L & N Railroad 3. 1881 – Telephone came to Montgomery. 4. 1886 – First city in nation to go from a mule-drawn streetcar system electric-powered streetcars. Part Three Reconstruction in Montgomery

23. 1910 – Wilbur and Orville Wright taught men to fly airplanes in Montgomery. Part Three Reconstruction in Montgomery Wright Brother’s Civilian Flying School in Montgomery Orville Wright flying over a cotton field in Montgomery.

24. Montgomery has played a major role in our nation’s aviation. 1910: –First Flying School established by the Wright Brothers at Maxwell Air Force Base near Montgomery. –World War I (WWI) – U.S. entered WWI in 1917, military bases came to Montgomery. 1. Camp Sheridan – a place for infantry training. (A famous writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, was stationed here and would meet and marry Zelda Sayre.) 2. Ardmont – a shop for repairing airplanes. 3. Craig Field (Selma) and Tuskegee (Tuskegee) Field – both trained airmen. Tuskegee trained the first African American fighter pilots. 4. Maxwell Air Force Base – home of the Air Forces’ Air War College. 5. Gunter Annex – major training for non-commissioned officers. Also here is the “Blockhouse” which has to do with radar missile defense system over the southeastern portion of the U.S. 6. Ft. Rucker – 80 miles south of Montgomery. Is a major helicopter training base for the U.S. Part Four Montgomery Since 1910

25. It has been said that there are 3 main events in American History; –American Revolution –Civil War –Civil Rights Movement You can see where 2 of the 3 began in Montgomery: The Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery is also known as the “Birthplace of Civil Rights.” Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement Bus Bombing that occurred in Anniston, Alabama during a Freedom Ride

26. Montgomery had laws similar to many other southern cities that segregated blacks and whites. –One law forced blacks to sit in the back of the bus and if a white person got on the bus, they had to give up their seat for that white person. Rosa Parks stood up against this law in December of 1955 by refusing to give up her seat to a white person. Rosa Parks was arrested and taken to jail. Blacks in Montgomery decided they would boycott the city buses. Bus Boycott lasted 381 days (more than one year!). –When it was over, the U.S. Supreme Court said the law was unfair and unconstitutional. –They said that the law had to be done away with in Montgomery and other places. –The Supreme Court said that laws that take way a person’s basic civil rights as an American because of the color of their skin were unconstitutional. Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

27. Martin Luther King, Jr. –Preacher at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. –Became leader of Montgomery Bus Boycott. –Became leader of the national Civil Rights Movement. –President of the Montgomery Improvement Association. –Wife was Coretta Scott King Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

28. Other Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement: –Rev. Ralph Abernathy – preacher in Montgomery. –Mrs. Johnnie Carr – good friend of Mrs. Parks and was president of the Montgomery Improvement Association from 1968 – 2008. Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

29. Civil Rights Memorial –Located in Montgomery on Washington Street. –Honors more than 40 civil rights movement people that died from 1955 – 1968. Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

30. Freedom Riders –Came to Montgomery in 1961 to help with the civil rights events that took place. –Beat up by an angry group of people just behind the federal courthouse at the Greyhound Bus Station. Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

31. Edmond Pettis Bridge – Selma –Federal Judge Frank Johnson said that marchers could march to Montgomery as part of the Selma to Montgomery March. –Selma to Montgomery March protested voters’ rights in March 1965. –Bloodiest event of the Civil Rights Movement – also known as “Bloody Sunday.” Part Five Montgomery & the Civil Rights Movement

32. The Le Moyne Brothers Brought the camilla and azellia to Alabama from France. Jean-Baptiste and Pierre Pierre had largest role in settlement of early Alabama. Jean-Baptiste helped his big brother Pierre with his efforts is rediscovering and claiming the mouth of the Mississippi River for France. Pierre(aka Iberville) Jean-Baptiste (aka Bienville)

33. Let’s Revisit Our Objectives & Outcomes Give me a thumbs up if we… Learn Montgomery’s story. Peak your interest in history. Create an awareness of our state history. Create memories together!!!

34. Let’s Revisit Our Objectives & Outcomes How did we accomplish each of these? Learn Montgomery’s story. Peak your interest in history. Create an awareness of our state history. Create memories together!!!