1. 欧洲历史与文明 沈阳师范大学 主讲人：孙若红

2. The Opening of the Atlantic Economic Renewal and Wars of Religion,1560-1648 第三章 经济重建与宗教战争

3. Overview Major Historical Events The Creation of the Portuguese Trading Empire The Discovery of America Magellan’s First Circumnavigation Round the World

4. Wares of China, India, East Indies Spice Islands The Red Sea The Persian Gulf Eastern Mediterranean Alexandria BeirutConstantinople The Old Trade Route between Asia and Europe

6. Vasco da Gama and the War between Portuguese and Arab Merchants (1498) Da Gama’s first voyage to the world of Arab Commerce Lisbon Portugal Rounded Africa Malabar Coast (the southwest coast of India

8. Da Gama’s Second Voyage to the World of Arab Commerce (1502) Portuguese Merchants The Egyptians The Turks The Venetians war consequences Cities devastated Ships burned Prisoners butchered

9. The Portuguese Trading Empire Goa on the West Coast of India Fortified stations at Aden near the mouth of the Red Sea Hormuz near the mouth of the Persian Gulf China 1509 Malacca near modern Singapore Amboina, the heart of the Spice Islands East Africa

11. Columbus’s Four Voyages to America First voyage:1492—1493 Palos Lisbon northeast coast of Cuba Palos Second voyage: 1493—1496 S. Lucar northwest coast of Cuba Cadiz Third voyage: 1498—1500 Cadiz somewhere near Dominica Cadiz Fouth voyag: 1502-1504 Cadiz Cental America S. Lucar

13. Conquests in the Americas Cortes conquered the Aztecs in Mexico Pizarro conquered the Incas in Puru The conquences of the conquests Mines for precious metals were opened The Indians were put to forced labor The importation of African slaves

14. Further Explorations Magellan’s First Circumnavigation Round the World The Atlantic (Spain) The Pacific (the Philippine Islands The Indian Ocean

15. The Atlantic(Spain)

16. Further Explorations The division of the globe between the Spanish and Portuguese An imaginary line: from a point in the middle of the North Atlantic through the north pole and across eastern Asia. Spain claimed : all the Americas, the Philippine Islands Portual: all rights of trade in Africa, Asia, the East Indies, Brazil

17. Summarization Da Gama ’ s two voyages to the Arab world of commerce Columbus ’ four voyages to America The establishment of the Portuguese trading empire The division of the world between Spain and Portugal

18. 7. Homework Describe Columbus’ voyages to America Who is Magellan? What are some of his contributions in the discovery of the new route?