1. MINDSTRETCHER Copy question

2. Study your homework Get out your homework and read it 2 times silently. Get out a blank piece paper and put your heading on it: First & last name Date Class period 19-1 HW QUIZ

3. 19-1 Homework Checkpoint 1. Nitrogen fixation A. is done only by plants. B. is done mostly by bacteria. C. is how animals make proteins. 2. Burning gas in an automobile is a type of A. Combustion B. Respiration C. Decomposition 3. Clouds form in the atmosphere through a process of A. Precipitation B. Respiration C. Condensation

4. 19-1 Homework Checkpoint 4. Which of the following statements about groundwater is true? A. It is stored in the spaces between or within rocks. B. It is salty like ocean water. C. It never reenters the water cycle. 5. The breakdown of dead material into carbon dioxide and water is called A. evaporation B. condensation C. decomposition

5. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling

6. What is a carbon atom? #6 on the periodic table. It’s symbol is “C”. Carbon is found in ALL living things. Carbon atoms continually move through living organisms, the oceans, the atmosphere, and the crust of the planet. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Notes:

8. Carbon Cycle Basics Plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar molecules and oxygen. (Photosynthesis) Animals take in oxygen and break down sugar molecules releasing energy, carbon dioxide, and water. (Respiration)

9. Simple picture…

10. Carbon Cycle Diagram

11. How do plants do it? Photosynthesis! The process by which producers use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which consumers convert to "fuel“. 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 ----------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6 molecules of water + 6 molecules of carbon dioxide = 1 molecule of sugar + 6 molecules of oxygen

12. What happens when plants can’t absorb all the carbon we produce? Carbon builds up in our atmosphere and oceans. Adding too much carbon too quickly causes Global Warming. Key Terms/Ideas for the Carbon Cycle: Combustion- burning of fossil fuels adds more carbon to the atmosphere Decomposition- animals die and decompose, returning molecules to the soil. *Animals get carbon by eating other organisms.

13. Carbon Cycle Summary Summarize the Carbon Cycle. Name two things you can do to lower the amount of Carbon in the atmosphere.

14. Where is nitrogen? Take a deep breath. You just breathed in a whole bunch of nitrogen! 78% of earth’s atmosphere consists of Nitrogen. (Trivia-3% of Mars atmosphere is nitrogen.) Since nitrogen is so important you’d think this was a good thing, right?

15. Nitrogen is in chlorophyll molecules which is necessary for photosynthesis. Is Nitrogen Important?

16. All life requires nitrogen. (protein and DNA are just a few uses) Air is 78% nitrogen gas (N 2 ).

17. Nitrogen Cycling Basics Most organisms cannot use nitrogen in the form N 2 or “Free Nitrogen”. It must be combined with other molecules or “Fixed”. This is done by bacteria who live in “nodules” on plant roots. (example of mutualism) Lightning also fixes Nitrogen. Decomposition- adds Nitrogen to soil Animals get nitrogen by eating the plants!

18. Other Ways to Fix nitrogen Lightning can fix nitrogen with its incredible concentration of energy. This amounts to a small amount of lightning fixation. The lightning breaks the bond and the nitrogen combines with oxygen to create NO 3. (a form plants can use)… which is then washed into the soil by rain.

19. Let’s put it all together! Nitrogen in Action

20. Simple Picture

21. Additional Nitrogen Cycle Examples:

22. Remember…… Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen are all necessary to living things. All three are types of matter. All three are constantly being cycled through producers, consumers, decomposers, and the environment.