1. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures What is a mixture? when two or more substances are combined the individual substances retain their individual chemical properties most everyday matter exists as mixtures substances tend to mix naturally

2. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures a common mixture is the mercury silver mixture in the filling Although the two substances (mercury and silver) are not distinguishable in this picture, one could separate the mercury from the silver by heating the mixture. The mercury will boil to a gas before the silver. You would be left with mercury gas and liquid silver, two separate substances.

3. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures Types of Mixtures - heterogeneous mixtures - when the individual substances remain distinct, not blending smoothly throughout example - salad dressings composed of oil, seasonings and vinegar, they will mix but remain distinguishable and if left for long periods of time, will separate out based on density.

4. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures Types of Mixtures - homogeneous mixture - mixture that has a constant composition throughout, no one part has more of one substance than another part these are often referred to as SOLUTIONS example - most common examples of solutions in daily life are the liquids we are in contact with, like coffee, tea, soda, milk, even tap water if you take a drink of a soda, the first sip will taste the same as the last, the concentrations of all the chemicals was uniform throughout

5. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures SOLUTIONS - solutions are not limited to liquids, they can be solids, liquids, gases, or combinations of liquid/gas, solid/liquid, solid/gas gas/gas - air in a scuba tank composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gas/liquid - seawater has oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved liquid/gas - moist air exhaled by a scuba diver contains water droplets liquid/liquid - when it rains, fresh water mixes with seawater solid/liquid - solid salt is dissolved in seawater solid/solid - the air tank is made of a metal alloy, a mixture of two metals

6. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures Separating Mixtures - most matter exists naturally as a mixture in order to understand matter, there was a need to separate the substances from each other using various techniques FILTRATION - solutions of solid/liquid can be separated using this method the solution is poured through a filter, trapping the solid while letting the liquid pass through

7. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures FILTRATION

8. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures DISTILLATION - this process can be used to separate most solutions the solution is heated the part of the solution with the lowest boiling point will phase change first the vapor can be directed, collected, and allowed to condense

9. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures DISTILLATION

10. Matter: Properties and Changes Mixtures CRYSTALLIZATION - results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance when the solution contains as much dissolved substance as it can hold, the addition of even a little more substance can often cause the substance to come out of solution on any available surface

12. Matter: Properties and Changes SUBLIMATION - process by which a solid phase changes into a gas, skipping the liquid phase can be used to separate 2 solids when one sublimates, while the other does not

13. Matter: Properties and Changes CHROMATOGRAPHY - technique that separates the components of a mixture based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material