1. Study Guide for Latin 1 National Latin Exam

2. Nouns: 1st 2nd Mas 2nd N 3rd M/F 3rdN Nom (subj) a us/r um --- ---
Gen (Poss ae ī ī is is
Dat (I.Ob) ae ō ō ī ī
Acc (D.Ob) am um um em
Abl (O/prep) ā ō ō e e

3. PLURAL FORMS 1st 2nd Mas 2nd N 3rd M/F 3rdN Nom (subj) ae i a es a
Gen (Poss arum orum orum um um
Dat (I.Ob) is is is ībus ibus
Acc (D.Ob) as os a es a
Abl (O/prep) is is is ibus ibus

4. 1 Nominative:
subject and predicate nominative

5. 2 Genitive:
possession (of, ‘s, s’)

6. 3 Dative:
indirect object (to/for) with verbs of giving, saying, showing, telling, entrusting

7. 4 Accusative: direct object and object of the following prepositions:
ad –to, toward, near
ante –before, in front of
circum -around
In –into, onto
per -through
post –after, behind
contra -against
inter-between, among
prope –near
trans –across

8. 5 Ablative:
ablative of means (no Latin preposition= by means of, with, by)
object of the following prepositions (SID SPACE)
Sub -under Sine –without
In –in, on Prō- on behalf of, for
Dē- about, down from Ab/ā – away, from Cum- with Ex/ē –out of, out from

9. 6 Vocative:
direct address –used in questions and commands; often punctuated with “ ”, ! or ?

10. Pronouns:

11. -personal:
ego, tū, nōs, vōs (nominative, dative, accusative and ablative)
I/me you we/us you
Nom ego tū nōs vōs
Gen meī tuī nōstrum vestrum
Dat mihi tibi nōbīs vōbīs
Acc mē tē nōs vōs
Abl mē tē nōbīs vōbīs

12. -interrogative:
quis, quid, quī (nominative and accusative only) (uses ? mark)
Who? Who? What?
Nom S quis quis quid
Acc S quem quem quid
Who (pl)? Who (pl)? What (pl)?
Nom pl quī quae quae
Acc pl quōs quās quae

13. Adjectives:
Declensions 1st and 2nd (masculine, feminine and neuter) see noun chart above
-noun and adjective agreement = number, gender and case - interrogative: quot =how many

14. Numbers: Cardinal numbers 1-10; 100 –centum and 1000- mille
unus, duo, tres/tria, quattuor, quinque, sex, septem, octo, novem, decem
100 –centum and mille
Roman numerals 1-100:
I (1), V(5), X(10), L(50), C(100), D(500), M(1000)

15. Adverbs:
positive forms made from from first and second declension adjectives (usually ly in English)
-formation: pulcher, pulchrA, pulchrum=beautiful:
remove the ‘A’ from feminine, replace with ē = pulchrē = beautifully
-interrogatives: cur, (why?) ubi (where?) quomodo (how?)
-irregulars: bene (well), male (badly)

16. Conjunctions:
aut, (or) et (and)
quod (because) sed (but) ubi (when)
neque, (and not/neither/nor)
et...et, (both… and)
neque...neque (neither…nor)

17. Enclitic:
-ne (indicates a question –do not use with question word like how, when, who, etc)
-que (attach on the second of the 2 words/phrases; translate before the second of the 2 words
e.g. peanut butter and jelly = peanut butter jellyQUE

18. Verbs: Translations of 4 tenses: Present, Imperfect, Future, Perfect:
Present: I verb I do verb I am verbing
Imperfect: I was verbing I used to verb I kept verbing
Future: I shall/will verb
Perfect: I have verbed I verbed I did verb

19. Conjugations 1st – 4th -are: -ēre: -ere: -ire
Subj Present Imperfect Fut 1st/2nd Fut 3rd/4th Perfect
I ō bam bō am ī
You s bās bis ēs istī
He, she, it t bat bit et it
We mus bāmus bimus ēmus imus
You plural tis bātis bitis ētis istis
They nt bant bunt ent ērunt

20. -present active imperative singular and plural
= verb!
1st nd rd th ā āte ē ēte ĕ ĭte ī īte

21. -present active infinitive
= to verb
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
-āre -ēre ere īre

22. noli, nolite + infinitive = don’t verb!
-negative imperative
noli, nolite + infinitive = don’t verb!
e.g. nōlī amāre = don’t love! Nolite amare = ya’ll don’t love!

23. -irregular verb
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (to be): (4 tenses) present, imperfect, future, perfect
Present Imperfect Future Perfect
sum eram erō fuī es erās eris fuistī est erat erit fuit sumus erāmus erimus fuimus estis erātis eritis fuistis sunt erant erunt fuērunt

24. II. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION

25. -Geography:
Roman world, e.g., Roma, Italia, Graecia, Britannia, Hispania, Mare Nostrum, Tiber River
Important Italian locations, e.g., Ostia, Pompeii, Mt. Vesuvius, Brundisium, Apennine Mts
Provinces and major cities, e.g., Africa, Athens, Gallia, Carthage, Asia Minor, Troy

26. -Mythology:
Olympians (Greek/Roman names) symbols, duties; founding of Rome, Romulus and Remus
Olympians and associated myths, e.g., Daphne and Apollo, Arachne and Minerva;
Major heroes and monsters, e.g., Hercules, Aeneas, Medusa, Cyclops
Trojan war, e.g., Achilles, Hector, Ulysses, Helen

27. -Roman life: city of Rome, e.g., Forum, Circus Maximus, Colosseum;
Palatine Hill,
Via Appia,
Curia

28. -Daily Life villa, -clothing, Roman household, -meals,
E.g. atrium, triclinium, insulae
-clothing,
e.g., toga, tunica, stola;
Roman household,
e.g., pater, mater, servus, filius, filia
-meals,
e.g., ientaculum, prandium, cena, culina
-architectural structures and their functions:
e.g., aqueduct, thermae, circus, amphitheater, curia, basilica

29. History:

30. -Basic historical divisions:
Monarchy- 753BC-509 BC – kings are highest ruling officials
Republic – 509 BC-27BC – consuls are highest officials
Empire – BC -476 – emperors are highest ruling officials

31. -Kings of Rome:
Romulus, 2. Numa Pompilius, 3. Tullus Hostilius, 4. Ancus Martius, 5. Tarquinius Priscus, 6. Servius Tullius, 7. Tarquinius Superbus
-Early Roman heroes-Horatius, Cincinnatus, Mucius Scaevola

32. III. LATIN IN USE -Basic spoken phrases: e.g., Salve, salvete hello
Quid agis? How are you? / What are you doing?
Quid est nomen tibi? What’s your name?
Vale, valete goodbye
Ita vero, Yes!
Minime, no!
Quid est? What is it?
Quis est? Who is it?
Gratias tibi ago, Thank you
Sol lucet, The sun is shining
Quota hora est? What time is it?
Adsum, I am present
Quid novi? What’s new?

33. English words based on Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes
-Derivatives:
English words based on Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes
e.g., agriculture, aquarium, portable, lunar, octet ; sedentary, sorority, puerile, quadruped