1. Ambient and Cognitive Networks Youn-Hee Han yhhan@kut.ac.kr May 2009 Korea University of Technology and Education Laboratory of Intelligent Network http://link.kut.ac.kr

2. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Ambient Networks 2/29

3. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 EU’s FP6 (6 th Framework Program) 유럽연합의 6 차 연구개발 프로그램 (2002~2006) Goal & Vision  유럽단일연구공간 (ERA: European Research Area) 의 실현 7 개 중점 연구 분야와 IST, WWI, Ambient Networks 의 관계 EU’s FP6 & Ambient and Cognitive Networks 3/29 연구 분야 예산 (Euro) 1. 생명과학, 게노믹스, 생명공학 22 억 2. 정보사회기술 (Information Society Technologies, IST) 36 억 3. 나노기술 및 나노과학, 새로운 생산공 정 및 디바이스 13 억 4. 항공우주 10.75 억 5. 식품의 질 및 안전성 6.85 억 6. 지속가능한 발전, 전지구적 변화 및 생태계 21.2 억 7. 지식기반사회에서의 시민과 통치 2.25 억 기타 13.2 억 계 132.85 억 … WWI (Wireless World Initiative, 2004~) yyy XXX [IST 내의 통합 관리 프로젝트 ]

4. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Ambient Networks (AN) A software-driven dynamic network integration solution over any access technology and any type of network Phase I (2004-2005)  Fundamental concepts & the overall architecture of ANs Phase II (2006-2007)  The engineering of the overall solution  Develop real prototypes Overall Review  Fatna Belqasmi, Roch H. Glitho, and Rachida Dssouli, “Ambient Network Composition,” IEEE Network, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 6-12, July/August 2008. Overview of Ambient Networks 4/29 [Ambient] : existing or present on all sides : of the surrounding area or environment

5. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Four innovations (design paradigm) of AN Overview of Ambient Networks 5/29 Network Composition Enhanced Mobility Network Heterogeneity Support Context Awareness + To provide common control functions to a wide range of different applications and air interface technologies

6. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Ambient Control Space (ACS) Technology of Ambient Networks 6/29 Ambient Network Interface (ANI) : Standardized single interface to connect the network instead of just connection of nodes : Offer a simple plug & play connection Ambient Service Interfaces (ASI) : Even in a composed Ambient Network, only a single homogeneous control space is visible to external entities : An application or service will always find the same environment

7. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Network Composition (1/2) Network Integration  Involved networks merge into one common network  E.g. a new PAN creation integrating two different PANs Control Delegation  One AN delegates certain control functions to the other AN  E.g. 3GPP-WLAN interworking: WLAN delegates authentication, authorization and charging to 3GPP network Network Interworking  Cooperation but no control delegation  E.g. dynamic roaming agreements Technology of Ambient Networks 7/29 Increasing control plane interworking

8. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Network Composition (2/2) Technology of Ambient Networks 8/29 Overlay Control Space Ambient Connectivity FE 4 FE 3 FE5 Composition FE FE1 FE6 FE2 Ambient Control Space Ambient Connectivity FE 4 FE 3 FE5 Composition FE FE1 FE6 FE2 Ambient Control Space GANS : Generic Ambient Networks Signaling GANS

9. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Generic Link layer (GLL) for a Multi-Radio Access Technology of Ambient Networks 9/29 Generic Link Interface (GLI) : It provides compatible radio link layers for different radio access technologies : A reconfiguration of the GLL (generic link layer) due to a change of radio access technology will be seamless

10. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Scenario 1 Scenarios of Ambient Networks 10/29

11. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Scenario 2 Scenarios of Ambient Networks 11/29

12. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Active Research and Much Results Selected Review #1 Instant Media Services for Users on the Move Research Results of Ambient Networks 12/29 M. Vorwerk, S. Schuetz, R. Aguero, J. Choque, S. Schmid, M. Kleis, M. Kampmann, M. Erkoc, “Ambient networks in practice - instant media services for users on the move,” 2nd International Conference on TRIDENTCOM, 2006.

13. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Selected Review #2 New Handover Strategy & Business Map Research Results of Ambient Networks 13/29 P. Poyhonen, J. Tuononen, T. Haitao, O. Strandberg, “Study of Handover Strategies for Multi-Service and Multi- Operator Ambient Networks,” 2nd International Conference on CHINACOM, 2007. DS: Discovered Sets (of Access Networks) CS T : Candidate Sets based on Terminal’s policy CS N : Candidate Sets based on Network’s policy AS: Finally selected Active Sets Business Map

14. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Selected Review #3 Ambient Network Advertising Broker Research Results of Ambient Networks 14/29 L. Ho, J. Markendahl, M. Berg, “Business Aspects of Advertising and Discovery Concepts in Ambient Networks,” IEEE 17th International Symposium on PIMRC, 2006. Access Broker (Auction-based) : Dynamic allocation per Call

15. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Cognitive Networks 15/29

16. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Three motivating problems for Cognitive Networks Complex  Large numbers of highly interconnected, interacting elements and instances of self-organization and emergent behavior  Network need to be able to deal with and adapt to complex environment with minimal or zero user interaction Motivation 16/29 A school of fish A termite mound

17. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Three motivating problems for Cognitive Networks Wireless and Its heterogeneity  Large numbers of standards IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, WiMAX, CDMA2000, UMTS…  Ad-hoc networks are highly dynamic should be capable of self-organization In research papers, simulation is usually used because of the difficulty in using forms of analysis Difficulty in QoS of Layered Architecture  People wants a sort of end-to-end guarantees  It is a very difficult research area because most all networking stacks do not operate on an end-to-end paradigm.  Current approaches are typically reactive. Motivation 17/29

18. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Cognitive Network (CN) A network composed of elements that, through learning and reasoning, dynamically adapt to varying network conditions in order to optimize end-to-end performance Features  Decisions are made to meet the requirements of the network as a whole (not individual network components)  A Cognitive Process perceive conditions, plan, decide, and act on those conditions Definition 18/29 Global Internet Map (www.siencedaily.com) [by Ryan Thomas @ Virginia Tech., 2005]

19. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Similarities Operates in parallel to stack Increases information available to participating layers Optimizes on goals that require multiple layers to achieve Differences Cognition (as opposed to reactive, localized schemes) Multiple and End-to-end goals (as opposed to single goal at layer level) Cognitive Network vs. Cross-layering 19/29 [by Ryan Thomas @ Virginia Tech.]

20. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Basic Decision Model OODA Loop [John Boyd] Decision based on observation of network environments Implementation It depends on  Goals, Controllable Network Elements, System Structure, States Critical Design Issues Behavior: Selfish vs. Cooperation Computational: Level of ignorance Physical: Amount of control Cognition Process 20/29 [by Ryan Thomas @ Virginia Tech.] 분석 및 계획

21. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Input from Requirements Layer End-to-End Goals Cognitive Specification Language  Converts end-to-end goals into cognitive elements goals Cognitive Elements Adapt and learns to make decisions that meet end-to-end goals Software Adaptable Network (SAN) API Configurable Elements  Points of network control for cognitive process Network Status Sensors  Reads status of the network Cognitive Network Framework 21/29 [by Ryan Thomas @ Virginia Tech.]

22. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Cooperative Mobile Robots Usage Scenarios Case Study: Mobile Robots & Sensor Network 22/29 [University of Tübingen] [USC @ LA] [Disaster Area] [Exploring the unknown] [Robot Army] Environmental Robotics

23. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 How to MOVE? Cognition (Perception) of Obstacles and Other Sensors  Supersonic Wave, Artificial Vision, … Force based on Potential Fields  Force  Acceleration  Velocity  Position Sensor Robot Mobility 23/29

24. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 How to expand the covering area? A self-deployment algorithm to achieve the max coverage level Cognition of coverage level in distributed manner Coverage Level 24/29 Coverage Level: 28.37%Coverage Level: 76.14%Coverage Level: 98.56%

25. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 How to make the network connection robust? A self-deployment algorithm to achieve the max connectivity level Cognition of connectivity level in distributed manner Connectivity Level 25/29 Avg. # of Neighbor: 2.6Avg. # of Neighbor: 3.32 Coverage Level  Connectivity Level trade-off

26. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 How to make the overlay level high? An optimized grouping algorithm to achieve the max energy efficiency Overlay Level 26/29 70 Active Sensors Active - Group #1 (of 35 Active Sensors) Sleep - Group #2 (of 35 Sleep Sensors) Active - Group #2 (of 35 Active Sensors) Sleep - Group #1 (of 35 Sleep Sensors)

27. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 Cognition Scheme in Mobile Sensor Networks 27/29 Sensing Areas, Obstacles, Other Sensors, Environment Status… Area Border Location Obstacle Location, Other Sensor Location, Sensing Range, Communication Range, Current Levels of Coverage, Connectivity, and Overlay Optimization Algorithms to maximize “Coverage Level”, “Connectivity Level”, and “Overlay Level” Autonomic Self-deployment of Sensors New Position of Sensor Robots - Heuristic Algorithms (Greedy Algorithm…) - Intelligent Algorithms (Genetic Algorithm…)

28. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 A. Howard, M. J. Mataric, and G. S. Sukhatme, “Mobile Sensor Network Deployment using Potential Fields: A distributed, scalable solution to the area coverage problem,” The 6th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotics Systems (DARS02), June 2002. Y. Zou and K. Chakrabarty, “Sensor Deployment and Target Localization based on Virtual Forces,” IEEE INFOCOM 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 1293-1303, March 2003. S. Poduri and G. S. Sukhatme, “Constrained Coverage for Mobile Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 165–172, May 2004. G. Wang, G. Cao and T. L. Porta, “Movement-assisted Sensor Deployment,” In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2004, Vol. 4, pp. 2469-2479, March 2004. B. Liu, P. Brass, O. Dousse, P. Nain and D, Towsley, “Mobility Improves Coverage of Sensor Networks,” ACM MobiHoc 2005, pp. 300-308, May 2005. J. Wu and S. Yang, “SMART: A Scan-Based Movement-Assisted Sensor Deployment Method In Wireless Sensor Networks,” In Proc. of INFOCOM 2005, pp.2313-2324, March 2005. G. Wang, G. Cao, T. L. Porta and W. Zhang, “Sensor Relocation In Mobile Sensor Networks,” In Proc. of INFOCOM 2005, pp. 2302-2312, March 2005. H. Yu, J. Iyer, H. Kim, E. J. Kim, K. H. Yum and P. S. Mah, “Assuring K-Coverage in the Presence of Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2006 (selected for best papers), 2006. D. Wang, J. Liu and Qian Zhang, “Mobility-Assisted Sensor Networking for Field Coverage,” In Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM '07. pp. 1190-1194, Nov. 2007. Wang, H. Wu, and N.-F. Tzeng, “Cross-layer Protocol Design and Optimization for Delay/Fault-tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 809-819, June 2008 References of Mobile Sensor Networks 28/29

29. 2009 미래인터넷 표준기술 워크숍 [Demo] 29/29 Demo animation for mobile sensor network deployment