1. Quantum Wave Model

2. Electron Configuration 4 subshells S, P, D, F

3. S Subshell Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom Lowest energy level 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 2 e-

4. P Subshell Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in space in one of three ways. 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds up to 6e-

5. D Subshell Dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 10 e-

6. F Subshell Dumbbell shaped Greatest energy 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 14 e-

8. Orbital Diagrams Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.

9. Hund’s Rule Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell. In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2 nd electron can be placed in each orbital.

10. Pauli Exclusion Principle Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired, In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).

12. Feeling Overwhelmed? "Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."

13. Modern Atomic Structure Space Filling Model for Scandium

14. __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5s 5p 5d 5f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6s 6p 6d 6f

16. How many energy levels are there? 7

17. The ___ represents? The orbital

18. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one orbital 2

19. How many subshells are in the second energy level? 2 2s and 2p How many electrons are in this energy level? 8

20. How many orbitals are in the f subshell? 7

21. How many electrons will the third energy level hold? 18

22. What four letters represent the subshells? S P D F

23. 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6,3s 2 3p 6 This is called the _________Configuration Electron What element does this electron configuration represent? Argon

24. The number 2 in 2p 6 represents the Energy level

25. The letter p in 2p 6 represents the number of Valence Electrons

26. What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold? 10

27. What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons? Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in. Family I – 1 valence electron Family II – 2 valence electrons Family III – 3 valence electrons Family IV – 4 valence electrons Family V – 5 valence electrons Family VI – 6 valence electrons Family VII – 7 valence electrons Family VIII – 8 valence electrons