1. VOLCANOES

2. What is a volcano? Areas of earth’s surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass Magma flows from volcanoes transfer heat and thermal energy from Earth’s mantle to the surface

3. What’s inside a volcano? Volcano comes from the Roman word Vulcan, which means “fire”

4. Eruptions Explosive Eruptions Two products from an explosive eruption Ash fall Pyroclastic materials

5. Eruptions Non-explosive Eruptions Characterized by outpouring of lava on to the ground

6. Three Main Type of Volcanoes

7. Shield Volcano Shape: Very gentle Size: : Large, over 10 kilometers across Materials: fluid lava flows (basalt) Eruption Type: Quiet http://www.tourismontheedge.com/places/erta-ale-the-smoking-mountain-of-ethiopia.html http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/volcanoes.html

8. Ash and Cinder Cone Shape: Steep conical hill with straight sides. Size: Small, less than 300 meters high Materials: cinders, pyroclastic materials Eruption type: Highly Explosive

9. Stratovolcano (Composite) MOST COMMON TYPE Shape: Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward Size: Large, 1-10 kilometers in diameter Materials: numerous layers of lava and pyroclastics Eruption type: Explosive http://curriculum.kcdistancelearning.com/courses/EARTHSCIx-HS-U10/a/unit04/es_4.c.9.html http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/volcanic_landforms/volcano_types_2.html

10. Other Types of Volcanoes

11. Dome Volcano A dome volcano forms from explosions of material out of the vent and the collapse of material back into vent http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_dome http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/sage/geology/lesson3/concepts.html

12. Caldera A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed from a much larger depression that forms when the magma chamber empties and its roof collapses. Crater Lake in Oregon, formed when a caldera filled with water. http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/caldera.htm http://curriculum.kcdistancelearning.com/courses/EARTHSCIx-HS-U10/a/unit04/es_4.c.9.html

13. Fissure Volcano A fissure volcano forms when lava erupts from long cracks, or fissures, and spreads out evenly (thousands of km) http://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/2010/02/22/ http://www.inmagine.com/drk008/drk008340-photohttp://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/2010/02/22/