1. 01/0000 HEO and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” Ramesh Govind ILRS Fall Workshop, 4 th October 2005

2. HEO and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” Reality –SLR is an expensive game – have to get the best out of it – little room to compromise –Must be seen to provide value to the community -- with what we have: Network of 40 stations Geodetic Targets (including GPS, GLONASS, Etalon) Analysis capability Must be able to defend and improve (not deteriorate) the existing infrastructure with its shortcomings (eg poor geometry)

3. HEOs and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” Some Fundamental Questions: – Why observe HEOs – Etalon, GPS, GLONASS and in daylight? –What is the contribution of HEOs to the fundamental ILRS analysis and science products? –Is this requirement fulfilled i.t.o. fundamental geodetic and unique ILRS products? –Is the HEO data requirements being met to produce a state-of-the-art analysis product?

4. HEOs and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” –What are the gaps in terms of measurements (Network Geometry, station performance) and analysis techniques that limit HEO contribution? –What needs to be done to fulfil these requirements for ILRS products? –Are there competing priorities that need to be addressed – particularly tracking commitments?

5. HEOs and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” The Context (Cue): –Towards 1mm Accuracy –Absence of Science Strategy –GGOS Initiative –External Challenges –Opportunities -- Strategic Perspective

6. Reality and Wishes “Towards 1mm Accuracy” 1mm accuracy of the final ILRS product – geocentre, scale, EOP, station coordinates at the 1mm level – Measurement error ( range, time, refraction, bias, com ) + Orbit error ( static and dynamic geopotential, SRP, etc) + Reference frame error ( coordinates, loading, EOP, Precession, Nutation, etc ) = 1 mm

7. Reality and Wishes ILRS Science Strategy & GGOS ILRS Science Strategy to fit the GGOS vision: –“A system which integrates different geodetic techniques, different models, and different approaches … in order to achieve a better understanding of geodynamic and global change processes … as a basis for Earth science research” – Herman Drewes (2005) The need for SLR in this vision could not be over-emphasised – dependency on SLR

8. Reality and Wishes GGOS Initiative GGOS – Modern Approach to Space Geodesy – Scientific Requirements to be met for efficient integration (GGOS): The need for Consistent (including SLR) –Observations –Reference Frames –Constants, conventions, models –Processing Methodologies and Algorithms –Parameter sets –Products –Applications Sets the framework for the operational standards for the ILRS components (stations, analysis)

9. HEOs and Daylight Ranging The External Challenge & Opportunities Improve the definition of the TRF by a magnitude Provides a relevance for the SLR technique – dependency for TRF definition

10. Reality and Wishes ILRS Opportunities Strategic Perspective to exploit all available geodetic targets State of the art science products from consistent data and analysis

11. Comparision of Analysis Techniques GPS –150 stations –26 satellites –1000’s observations Estimate (24-hr arc) –Stations (450) –EOP (6 semi-diurnal) –Receiver & satellite clocks –State vector (6 per sat) –SRP (1 per day) –Y-Bias (1 per day) –Bias/Ambiguity/Cycle slips (2000) –Troposphere (24 per site) TOTAL 7000 parameters SLR –40/<20 0bserving stations –2 GPS + 3 Glonass satellites tracked (+ 2 Etalon) –few NP Estimate (7-day arc) –Stations –EOP –State Vector –SRP –Y Bias –Measurement Biases ?? –Troposphere ?? TOTAL 125 parameters/sat/arc

12. Data Analysis Procedure GPS Measurement Error Sources –Station and satellite antenna phase centre variations –Residual Ionosphere –Multipath

13. Data Analysis Procedure SLR Issues (observations) –Not enough observations –Network Geometry -- Not enough stations observations –Almost all daylight passes are to LEOs – not contributing to the geodetic products –Minimum impact on the current quality of the solutions – not improving the Lageos only solutions

14. Data Analysis Procedure SLR Issues (observations) HEO Tracking Requirements –Require daylight tracking for: Continuous tracking (GPS strength) –Consecutive passes –Consecutive days –Substantial increase in #NP data for mm level solutions –CONSISTENT data volume and quality from the network

15. Data Analysis Procedure SLR Issues (analysis) Measurement biases –Not enough data to estimate any measurement biases –Biases – station dependent –If biases applied – which one (different per satellite) –Downweight station related measurements by a consistent/agreed set of weights – applied to all satellites –Tuesday problem – measure of the effectiveness of the QC reports

16. Challenges Significantly improve the tracking output of the HEOs – consecutive passes/days – Consistent data volume and quality Rationalise Tracking priorities on basis of fundamental SLR outputs – address competing tracking priorities if they exist (Initially) Produce GPS (Glonass + Etalon + Lageos) ILRS products at the highest quality – at least matching the IGS for the common products

17. Challenges Exploiting current GPS, GLONASS and future Galileo satellites (analogous to microwave observations – for best definition of the TRF Can we do the job and fulfil the GGOS requirements – mm accuracy products from HEO observations

18. HEO and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes” Wishes –Meet the 1mm Accuracy for ILRS products –Meet the science challenges presented by the GGOS Initiative –External Challenges – Improvement of the TRF definition by a magnitude –See these challenges met in the short term

19. HEO and Daylight Ranging “Reality and Wishes”