1. The Vertebrates

2. Vertebrate Characteristics
Vertebrae (backbone)
Notochord (flexible dorsal rod)
Nerve cord (hollow) with brain
Three layers of cells as an embryo
Coelom (body cavity)
Tissues and organs
Endoskeleton

3. What are the 5 vertebrate animal groups?
FISH
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS

4. The Vertebrate species breakdown:
On a sheet of paper, make a list of as many animals as you can think of from each of the five groups.

5. The Vertebrate species breakdown:

6. The Animal Kingdom species breakdown:

7. The Animal Kingdom species breakdown (without insects):

8. FISH
3 Classes
I. Agnatha
(Jawless fish)
Lamprey eels
Hagfishes

9. (Cartilaginous fishes)
3 Classes
II. Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fishes)
Sharks,Rays,Skates

10. Ray versus Skate Rays are viviparous (bearing live young)
Skates are oviparous (laying eggs).
Skates have one or two dorsal fins
Rays generally do not have a dorsal fin
Rays have flat plate-like teeth.
Skates have cusped teeth.

11. FISH
3 Classes
III. Osteichthyes
(Bony Fish)
20,000 species!

12. Fish Facts Use gills to breathe and swim bladder for depth Have scales
Jaws and Bony skeleton
Vertebrae provide flexibility (mobility)
2-chambered hearts
most have external fertilization
highly developed sensory systems & smell
lateral line system: fluid-filled canals that allow detection of movement and vibration

13. Amphibians “double life” they start as aquatic larva and grow into a
FROGS
“double life” they start as
aquatic larva and grow into a
terrestrial adult!
CAECILIANS
NEWTS
TOADS
SALAMANDERS

14. AMPHIBIAN FACTS Ectotherms (body temp = surroundings)
Metamorphosis (tadpole to frog)
3-chambered heart for more energy
Breathe through skin (so must stay moist)