1. HIV Seroprevalence for Pregnant Women Selected Urban Areas of Africa: 1985-2001 Note: Includes infection from HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Source: U.S. Census Bureau HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base 2000. 198519871989199119931995199719992001 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 HIV Seroprevalence (%) Kampala Nairobi Abidjan Harare Kwazulu/ Natal Lagos Yaounde Francistown Blantyre Lusaka Dakar

2. HIV Seroprevalence for Pregnant Women Selected Urban Areas of Africa: 1985-2001 Note: Includes infection from HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Source: U.S. Census Bureau HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base 2000. 198519871989199119931995199719992001 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 HIV Seroprevalence (%) Kampala Kwazulu/ Natal Dakar

3. Decline in HIV Prevalence in Zambia

4. Expected Increases in HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa Data to be released in July, 2002

6. Learning From Epidemiology New thinking about an old approach: ABC New thinking about an old approach: ABC Circumcision Circumcision Demands for healthcare Demands for healthcare

8. In “Non-Condom Behaviors and the Reduction of Incidence and Prevalence in Zambia and Uganda: Background Materials for a Discussion on the Future of Social Marketing”(PSI/AIDSMARK 2002).

9. UGANDA’S PURSUIT OF THREE BEHAVIORS OF THREE BEHAVIORS

10. All components of the ABC approach are necessary.

11. Male Circumcision Evidence of association is indisputable Evidence of association is indisputable Evidence of biological plausibility Evidence of biological plausibility Clinical trials underway to test the effectiveness of circumcising at risk men Clinical trials underway to test the effectiveness of circumcising at risk men results, if positive, will lead to new areas of intervention. results, if positive, will lead to new areas of intervention.

12. 1.5 million 3 million 6 million The rising demand for health care services has become impossible to ignore.