2. WEEK 9 202 – END OF CHAPTER 5

3. Sequence Transitions Simple Ones 1.Afterward 2.again 3.before 4.finally 5.last 6.lately 7.meanwhile 8.Next 9.soon 10.then Complex Ones 1.as long as 2.at last 3.at length 4.at that time 5.in addition 6.in the past 7.So far 8.Until now

4. Watch out for Transition Words Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage. “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

5. 29/01/2009New Headway, Unit 94 A clause is :Part of a sentence! A time clause is: Part of a sentence introduced by a time conjunction: when, as soon as, until, after, before, while An IF-clause is: Part of a sentence introduced by IF!

6. 29/01/2009New Headway, Unit 95 No Future Tense in Time Clause ! Use Present in a clause with: when, as soon as, until, after, before, while When I get home, I’ll phone you! Time clause=present To talk about future…

7. 29/01/2009New Headway, Unit 96 When you hear some news, can you ring me immediately? (You will hear some news for sure) I’ll make myself an omelette when I get home tonight. (I will get home tonight) We use when for something that we know will happen.

8. 29/01/2009New Headway, Unit 97 (The alarm will ring soon) ______________________, we’ll all have to leave the building. (I might feel better tomorrow) ______________________, I ’ ll probably go back to work. (This film finishes at ten) ______________________, I ’ ll stop the video.

9. Adverbial clause is a clause introduced by a subordinate. It is used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb. Since the adverbial clause is a dependent clause, it cannot stand alone. It must be combined with an independent clause to form a complex sentence. The adverbial clause can come either before or after an independent clause. Ii it comes at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is placed after it.

10. There are several different kinds of adverbial clauses including time, place 1. Time Clauses It tells when the action described by the main verb took place. A time clause is introduced by such subordinator as: a. when (at the time) e.g. I can see you when I finish my work. When I finish my work, I can see you. b. while (during that time) e.g. She was reading a book while the dinner was cooking. While the dinner was cooking, she was reading a book. c. Before e.g. They will leave before you get here Before you get here, they will leave d. After e.g. After John’s employer warned him about his careless work, he was more careful. He was more careful after John’s employer warned him about his careless work.

11. Using Transitions Idea Transition References © 2001 by Ruth Luman

12. Transitions Look at the two groups of sentences below. Which sentences read more smoothly? Click on an answer below. My friend, Marcos, loves to play sports and is very athletic. He has won a scholarship to play football at a university next year. My friend, Marcos, loves to play sports and is very athletic. In fact, he has won a scholarship to play football at a university next year.

13. Transitions What are transition words?

14. Transitions A transition word directly tells the reader the logical relationship between one idea and another idea. Idea Transition

15. Example Marcos loves to go swimming in the ocean. his parents won’t allow him to do that. ;however, The transition, however, tells the reader that the logical relationship between the two ideas is contrast.

16. Transitions Transitions are words that help make your writing more coherent. They create connections between: - one clause and another clause - one sentence and another sentence - one group of sentences and the next group of sentences

17. Joining Two Independent Clauses One way of joining two independent clauses is with a semicolon, a transition, and a comma. Marcos is a great swimmer he’s very good at scuba diving. ; furthermore, Marcos is a great swimmer ;furthermore, he’s very good at scuba diving.

18. Connecting Two Sentences You can use a transition and comma to tell the reader the logical relationship between two sentences. Marcos is very athletic. he plays three sports at school. In fact, Marcos is very athletic. In fact, he plays three sports at school.

19. Placement of Transition Rather than placing the transition at the beginning of the second sentence, you may place it in the middle of the second sentence after the subject with two commas. Marcos is very athletic. He, in fact, plays three sports at school. subject transition