1. E-government models
Lecture 8

2. E-government model Model Varieties A scheme of organization Facets
Descriptive (Positive, IS)
Predictive (Will be)
Normative (Should be)
Varieties
Information based model
Business based model
Service based model
Participation based model

3. E-government model Technology based
Models chase new and emerging technologies
Web based e-government models
Wireless networks based (e.g. M-government)
Interoperability based
Technological interoperability
Ability of different devices to communicate with each other
Standardization
Organizational interoperability
Ability of different organizations to process and act on information
Normalization of operating procedures
Component based
A self-contained business process or service with predetermined functionality that may be exposed through a business or technology interface
Cross Agency collaboration [Pay.gov]

4. Need for Model Improved government responsiveness
Simplified delivery of enhanced government services
More efficient government
Information sharing
Transparency, security, and resilience

5. Federal Enterprise Architecture
A business-based framework for government-wide improvement
Budget Allocation; Information Sharing; Performance Measurement; Budget / Performance Integration; Cross-Agency Collaboration; E-Government; Component-Based Architectures
The FEA is constructed through a collection of interrelated “reference models” designed to facilitate cross-agency analysis and the identification of duplicative investments, gaps, and opportunities for collaboration within and across Federal Agencies.

6. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Performance Reference Model
Standardized framework to measure the performance of major IT investments and their contribution to program performance
Help produce enhanced performance information to improve strategic and daily decision-making;
Improve the alignment — and better articulate the contribution of — inputs to outputs and outcomes, thereby creating a clear “line of sight” to desired results; and
Identify performance improvement opportunities that span traditional organizational structures and boundaries

7. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Business Reference Model
Function-driven framework for describing the business operations of the Federal Government, independent of the agencies that perform them
Provides an organized, hierarchical construct for describing the day-to-day business operations
Lines of Business and Sub-functions represents a departure from previous models
Four areas: Services For Citizens; Mode of Delivery; Support Delivery of Services; Management of Government Resources

8. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Service Reference Model
Business-driven, functional framework classifying Service Components according to how they support business and performance objectives.
Serves to identify and classify horizontal and vertical Service Components supporting federal agencies and their IT investments and assets.
Service domains: Customer Services; Process Automation Services; Business Management Services; Digital Asset Services; Business Analytical Services; Back Office Services; Support Services

9. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Technical Reference Model
Component-driven, technical framework categorizing the standards and technologies to support and enable the delivery of Service Components and capabilities.
Enables reuse and standardization of technology and Service Components from a government-wide perspective.
Economies of scale
Four service areas: Service Access and Delivery; Service Platform and Infrastructure; Component Framework; Service Interface and Integration

10. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Data Reference Model
The DRM provides a standard means by which data may be described, categorized, and shared
DRM identifies duplicative data resources. A common data model will streamline information exchange processes within the Federal government and between government and external stakeholders.
Three standardization areas: Data Description; Data Context; Data Sharing

11. Examples CORE.GOV PAY.GOV