1. The European Peninsula “Great Circle Route”

4. European Physical Geography Peninsulas: 1. Balkan - Peloponnese 2. Italian - Calabria 3. Iberian 4. Brittany 5. Jutland 6. Scandinavia Island Nations: 1. Greenland 2. Iceland 3. Ireland 4. Great Britain 5. Malta 6. Cyprus Water Bodies: 1. Bay of Biscay 2. North Sea 3. Baltic Sea 4. Norwegian Sea 5. White Sea 6. Mediterranean Sea - Adriatic Sea - Tyrrhenian - Ionian - Aegean 7. Black Sea - Sea of Marmara

5. Peninsulas: 7. Crimea 8. Asia Minor Water Bodies: 8. Caspian Sea

6. Climates of Europe Major Climate Regions Marine West Coast Humid Continental Mediterranean Tundra and ice Semiarid/Steppe Highland/Alpine

7. Ocean Currents – Gyres

8. Terrestrial Environments Northwestern Highlands North European Plain Central or Hercynian Uplands Alpine and Mediterranean South

9. Fenno- Scandinavian (Baltic) Shield –Fjords of Norway Scottish Highlands –Ben Nevis – 1,343 m –Loch Ness Pennines Cambrian Plateau Plateau of Brittany Northwestern Highlands

10. Northern European Plain

11. Massif Central Jura Ardennes Hartz Mountains Bohemian Uplands Sudeten Mountains Central / Hercynian Uplands

12. Alps –Mt. Blanc (15,781 ft. / 4,810 m) –highest in Western Europe & the EU Appennines Pyrenees Cantabrian Mountains Sierra Nevada Carpathians –Transylvanian Alps Balkan Mountains Dinaric Alps Caucasus Mountains –Mt. Elbrus (18,510 ft. / 5,642 m) –highest in Europe Alpine and Mediterranean South

13. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES The Ring of Fire

14. WORLD TECTONIC PLATES

15. Europe’s Major Rivers 1.Volga (3,690 km) – Nizhniy- Novgorod, Samara –Oka, Moskva – Moscow 2.Danube – (2,860 km) – Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade –Sava – Zagreb 3.Ural – (2,428 km) 4.Dnieper – Kiev 5.Don 6.Pechora 7.Dniester 8.Rhine – Strasbourg, Cologne, Dusseldorf, Rotterdam –Main – Frankfurt 9.Elbe – Prague, Hamburg –Havel, Spree – Berlin 10.Vistula – Warsaw 11.Tagus – Lisbon 12.Daugava – Riga 13.Loire 14.Oder 15.Rhône – Lyon 16.Seine – Paris 17.Po 18.Guadalquivir – Seville 19.Tiber – Rome 20.Vardar – Skopje 21.Shannon 22.Thames – London

16. Environmental Problems Deforestation – Classical Civilizations of Mediterranean – Medieval Europe Draining of Wetlands – Zuider Zee – Fens Pollution from Industrialization – Air- Water- Acid Rain Cleanup