1. VISTAS Data / Monitoring Overview Scott Reynolds SC DHEC- Larry Garrison KY DNREP Data Workgroup Co-Chairs RPO National Technical Workgroup Meeting – St Louis MO November 4, 2003

2. In the beginning.. What data is available? What are most important components of PM 2.5 and visibility in the VISTAS region? What are spatial and seasonal trends in PM 2.5 and visibility?

3. Data Analysis Collect Data and Archive Assessment of the Monitoring Data Data Gap Analysis

4. Data Analysis Southeast IMPROVE, EPA FRM and STN, and SEARCH, available for 1998- 2001 Report by Air Resource Specialists available: www.vistas-sesarm.org/data

5. Data Analysis Analysis of Visibility and Particulate Data Within the VISTAS Region Spatial and temporal characterization of PM2.5 mass Spatial and temporal characterization of the contribution of chemical species to PM and light extinction during periods of high, medium, and low extinction Characterization of the importance of each aerosol species to extinction Review of alternate methods to estimate extinction from PM measurements. Meteorological back trajectories for periods of high and low extinction or species mass. Potential tracers which are indicative of specific event types. Visibility parameters in states surrounding the VISTAS region.

6. Extinction (Mm-1) Coarse Soil Organics EC NH 3 NO 3 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Rayleigh Dolly Sods, WV Shenandoah, VA James Rvier Face, VA Mammoth Cave, KY Sipsey, AL Great Smoky Mtns, TN Linville Gorge, NC Swan Quarter, NC Cape Romain, SC Okefenokee, GA Chassahowitzka, FL Everglades, FL Shining Rock, NC Light Extinction on 20% Haziest Days - IMPROVE 1998 - 2001

7. Extinction (Mm-1) Qtr Light extinction on 20% Haziest Days per Quarter IMPROVE -1998-2001 Coarse Soil Organics EC NH 4 NO 3 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Rayleigh 0 50 100 150 200 250 Win Spr Sum Fall Great Smoky Mtns, TN Cape Romain, SC

8. 72-hr Back Trajectories for Great Smoky Mountains National Park 5% haziest and 5% clearest days in 1998-2001

9. Data Gap Draft Report being finalized, but..  Network comparisons  Continuous speciation, Neph, RH, Ammonium, Particle Size distribution  Source Apportionment- CMB, Factor analysis  Monitor the edges

10. Monitoring

12. Primary objective: Enhance existing monitoring to create a more complete database to evaluate the Atmospheric Models

13. Monitoring Every Species Everywhere All the time

14. Monitoring  At a minimum, daily speciation is needed  Need hourly ambient data to characterize the diurnal profile of the various species  In addition to the components of PM, we would like:  NH 3, HNO 3, NO, NO 2, NO y H 2 O 2, VOCs, SO 2, CO  Met, RH, Optical  All at one place

15. Monitoring  Continuous fine particulate speciation  SO 4, NO 3, Carbon, LAC  Continuous Mass  Gasses  NO y SO 2, CO, O 3  Met, RH, Optical  Four sites

16. Monitoring

17. Focus Site Monitoring Everything running at: Look Rock Speciation, Aethalometer, mass, gasses Cape Romain The same.. Millbrook Ditto, plus Harvard Sulfate and ARA NH 4 -NO 3 Atlanta Aeth, mass, IMPROVE protocol (real soon..)

18. Hourly

20. Still more to do… Monitor reliability is a … challenge Filter data needed as a reference Nephelometer at Cape Romain ‘Extra’ monitoring Data Archive

21. In addition…..to adding continuous PM2.5 Speciation at the Focus sites Added NH 4 analyses for 10 IMPROVE sites Adding relative humidity at 2 IMPROVE sites Adding Nephalometer at CR (Real Soon) Planning the collection and analysis of carbon for for CMB at 5 sites

22. Beyond Focus… Monitoring WG looking at :  Chemical Mass Balance / C 14 HiVol collection and analysis  Support additional monitoring SHEN, MACA  Colo IMPROVE protocol  Alternate speciation methods  Upper Air met  Additional Neph  Additional Data Analysis

23. Next Steps.. Daily and hourly variation in PM 2.5 and visibility existing Focus Sites, add KY or VA site Sources of organic carbon contribution of fire Inter-regional influences Natural Background Visibility fire, vegetative emissions, dust, sea salt

24. Natural Visibility

25. www.vistas-sesarm.org

27. Ammonium /Sulfate Molar Ratio