1. Introduction to Current Electricity, Part 1 Grade 9 Academic Science R.H. King Academy

2. Review What is electricity? Electricity is the flow of electrons What is static electricity? Static electricity is the build up of charges on surfaces How does an object become positively charged? It loses electrons How does an object become negatively charged? It gains electrons

3. Current Electricity Current electricity is the type of electricity you use to power all of your electrical devices How does current electricity work? Watch this video (only up to 5:20) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2monVkCkX4

4. Video Questions 1.How does current electricity differ from static electricity? 2.Identify the two terminals of a battery. 3.How does electricity flow from one terminal to the other? 4.What will happen if you connect a short wire between the two terminals of a battery? 5.The power (potential difference) in a battery or the socket in the wall is measured in __________. An AA battery is ________, and the wall socket is ___________.

5. Circuits Current electricity is the steady flow of electrons from a negative terminal to a positive terminal in a circuit A circuit includes: An energy source (e.g. battery) A conductor (e.g. wire) A load (e.g. light bulb) A circuit may include: A switch to turn the circuit on and off

6. Switches When you turn on a light switch, the electricity does not come from the switch A switch simply opens and closes a circuit. When you open the circuit, electrons stop flowing. Electrical devices turn off. When you close the circuit, electrons can flow. Electrical devices turn on. See the animation here http://www.rkm.com.au/animations/animation-electrical- circuit.html

7. Circuits 1)Identify the energy source. 2)Indicate the path of the electron flow. 3)What happens if you were to lift (open) the switch? What happens if you were to close the switch? 4)What does the electrical load (the light bulb) do with the electrons that flow through it?

8. Symbols Copy the following symbols off the overhead or board: Wire, battery / cell, light bulb / lamp, resistor, switch, ammeter, voltmeter

9. How to measure current electricity Three factors are measured in current electricity: 1.Potential difference: measured in volts 2.Current: measured in amperes 3.Resistance: measured in ohms

10. Current When electrons flow in a circuit, this is called current There are two types of current: 1.Direct Current (DC): All the electrons flow in one direction. Batteries produce this type of current. 2.Alternating Current (AC). The electrons flow back and forth at regular intervals and cycles. This is the current that is produced by generators and is delivered to our electrical sockets See the difference here: http://kids.britannica.com/lm/animations/oaltern001d4/product. html

11. Current To measure current, you measure the number of electrons that are flowing through a circuit This measurement is in amperes (A), also called amps 1 ampere = 1 coloumb of electrons passing by every second Therefore, 1 ampere = 6.24 x 10 18 electrons passing by a point in the circuit every second!

12. Ammeter An ammeter measures current in a circuit What does 0.5 A mean?

13. Go to handout for GRASP Calculations Q It Q = Charge [C] I = Current [A] T = Time [s] Q = I X t I = Q/t t = Q/I Note: time is always measured in seconds

14. Current Problems Use GRASP to solve the following problems. G: Given R: Required A: Analysis (formula) S: Solution P: Paraphrase Calculate the current of a circuit that has a charge of 960 C flowing through it for a time of 25 min. A circuit has a current of 2.50 A running through it. Calculate the total charge transferred in the circuit if it runs for a total of 45 s. Calculate the time required for a circuit with a current of 1.75 A to transfer a total charge of 650 C. A circuit transfers a total charge of 1450 C in a time of 75 min. What is the current of the circuit?

15. Homework Pg 436 # 1-3 Handout questions on current