1. Lecture #3Date ______  Chapter 8~ Membrane Structure & Function

2. Voyage through a cell  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf 4Fqpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf 4Fqpg  Golgi  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7yku3s a4Y8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7yku3s a4Y8

3. Choroplast and Mitochondrion

4. Cell Junctions

5.  Contractile vacuole:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3 COug4&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3 COug4&NR=1  Cilia and flagellates  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1L27s UzwQ0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1L27s UzwQ0

6. Membrane structure, I  Selective permeability  Amphipathic~ hydrophobic & hydrophilic regions  Singer-Nicolson: fluid mosaic model

7. Membrane structure, II  Phospholipids~ membrane fluidity  Cholesterol~ membrane stabilization  “Mosaic” Structure~  Integral proteins~ transmembrane proteins  Peripheral proteins~ surface of membrane  Membrane carbohydrates ~ cell to cell recognition; oligosaccharides (cell markers); glycolipids; glycoproteins

8. Membrane structure, III  Membrane protein function: transport enzymatic activity signal transduction intercellular joining cell-cell recognition ECM attachment  Marker proteins are also membrane proteins

9. Questions Describe the polarity of an integral protein. Why does a protein for cell recognition never flip sides by going “inside-out”? Why can phopholipids switch places with their neighbor to the left and right, but not across from each other? Why is cholesterol located where it is in the plasma membrane?

10. Membrane traffic  Diffusion~ tendency of any molecule to spread out into available space  Concentration gradient: High to low  Passive transport~ diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane  Osmosis~ the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

11. Water balance  Osmoregulation~ control of water balance  Hypertonic~ higher concentration of solutes  Hypotonic~ lower concentration of solutes  Isotonic~ equal concentrations of solutes  Cells with Walls:  Turgid (very firm)  Flaccid (limp)  Plasmolysis~ plasma membrane pulls away from cell wall

12. Questions  Why do grocery stores spray their vegetables with water?  Why does your skin “prune” when you swim all day at the pool?  Why does your skin crack when you spend all day at the ocean?  Why do trees in the tropics have big leaves compared to dessert trees?  When a plant “wilts”, are its cells turgid or flaccid?

13. Specialized Transport  Transport proteins  Facilitated diffusion~ passage of molecules and ions with transport proteins across a membrane down the concentration gradient  Active transport~ movement of a substance against its concentration gradient with the help of cellular energy

14. Types of Active Transport  Sodium-potassium pump  Exocytosis~ secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane  Endocytosis~ import of macromolecules by forming new vesicles with the plasma membrane phagocytosis (eating) pinocytosis (drinking) receptor-mediated endocytosis

15. Video of the cell working  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ukPD4 G5eSw&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ukPD4 G5eSw&NR=1

16. Receptor mediated endocytosis using coated pits  Multiple receptors  Concentrates molecules for endocytosis