1. Cell Division
Mitosis and Meiosis

2. The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Interphase

3. Cell Growth Prior to mitosis, the cell is in Interphase
Interphase is a time where
The cell grows
Organelles replicate
DNA is copied
Most of a cells life is spent in interphase

4. Mitosis Occurs in body cells (somatic cells)
Results in 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell
4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

5. Prophase Stage 1 of Mitosis DNA winds up to form chromosomes
Nuclear membrane (membrane around the nucleus) disappears

6. Metaphase Stage 2 of Mitosis
Chromosomes line up at equator (center) of the cell

7. Anaphase Stage 3 of Mitosis
Chromosomes split - each half is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

8. Telophase Stage 4 of Mitosis
Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind to form strands of DNA

9. Cytokinesis
After mitosis occurs, the cells must split - this process is called cytokinesis
There are two methods - one for cells without a cell wall, like animal cells, and one for cells with a cell wall, like plant cells

10. Cytokinesis - No Cell Wall
The membrane starts to pinch inward, between the two nuclei
It will continue to pinch, until the cell splits into two new cells

11. Cytokinesis - Cell Wall
Cell forms a cell plate between the two nuclei
This cell plate provides foundation for new cell wall
Membranes form inside cell walls, and end up with two daughter cells

12. Meiosis - Formation of Sex Cells
Occurs in sex cells (eggs and sperm)
Results in 4 daughter cells
Each with HALF the DNA of the parent cell
All are different from one another AND parent
Split into two Stages, each with 4 phases

13. Prophase I
DNA winds up into chromosomes
Nuclear membrane disappears

14. Metaphase I Chromosomes line up at equator
Line up next to homogolous chromosome (e.g. chromosome 1 from dad lines up next to chromosome 1 from mom)

15. Anaphase I
One chromosome from each pair is pulled to opposite sides of the cell

16. Telophase I & Cytokinesis
Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Chromosomes may unwind
Cells split

17. Prophase II
Nuclear membrane disappears
Chromosomes wind up

18. Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up at equator

19. Anaphase II
Chromosomes split, each half pulled to opposite sides of the cell

20. Telophase II & Cytokinesis
Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes
Chromosomes unwind
Cells split

21. Compare Mitosis/Meiosis
4 cells formed
Daughter cells have 1/2 DNA of the parent cell
All 4 are different
Occurs in sex cells
8 phases/2 stages
2 cells formed
Daughter cells identical to parent cell
Occurs in body cells
4 phases
Both
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cells divide