1. Assessment and Refinement of Real-Time Travel Time Algorithms for Use in Practice May 9, 2007

2. Agenda Detailed Corridor Study Results (60 min) Discussion on Remaining Tasks (30 min) ITS America Presentation (10 min) OTREC Proposal Status (10 min) Next Steps (10 min)

3. Study Results Outline Data Collection Update Overall Error Analysis Algorithm Alternatives Summary Table – Statistics & conclusions Details & Recommendations I-5 and 217

4. Data Collection & Analysis Update Data collection complete for initial project  Collected on all freeways, spent approx $8K  Approx 190 hours of driving, over 600 runs  311 runs analyzed (GIS, insert into db, calculate travel time)  Data analysis has been time-consuming High collection on I-5 corridor (N and S of downtown)  40 round-trips AM & PM Intermediate collection on OR 217 and I-205  due to construction and disabled loops  20-30 round trips AM & PM Low (baseline) collection on US 26 and I-405  10 round trips AM & PM

5. Overall Error (all runs analyzed so far) # runs: 331 Overall Average Absolute Error Percent: 10.8%

6. Algorithm Alternatives I-5 N SoD

7. Algorithm Alternatives 217 SB

8. Error Percent – I-5 SoD and 217 Average Absolute Error Percent: 9.8%

9. Error Percents and Expectations SegmentAvg Abs Error -20% to +20% -30% to +30% I-5 N Carmen->Downtown7.7%93.2%99.4% I-5 S Terwilliger VMS -> Tualatin/Sherwood * 9.3%84.7%96.9% I-5 S Terwil -> T/S Adj7.1%94.9%99.7% I-5 NB Downtown to River **8.7%88.2%98.7% I-5 SB River to Downtown **15.7%68%94% OR 217 NB11.3%85.9%98.9% OR 217 SB12.6%65%98.9% I-84 EB11.6%67.3%85.9% I-84 WB17.1%66.9%85.6% * Unadjusted lengths ** Analysis of all runs not complete

10. Adjustments I-5 S Terwill – T/S Station Id LocationMilepostStandard Midpoint Len Actual ODOT Len ODOT Adjust – Scale 1036Hood Ave299.250.2 (2.95)Not used2.39 1108Spring Garden299.262.0410.6 1107Capital Hwy295.181.4510.6 110599W293.361.0410.6 1131Haines St293.21.0610.6 1038Upper Boones291.251.351.50.9 1039Lower Boones290.40.9421.2 1040Nyberg289.380.10 (2.23)0.681.32 Total Len:8.18 8.2

11. I-5 NB SoD Observations Problem areas  Capital – Terwilliger Sharp speed drop in this segment Possibly due to the curves  Terwilliger – Macadam Speed increases past Terwilliger Large spacing (2.37 miles) Recommendation  Add detection between Terwilliger and Macadam

12. Macadam Terwilliger Capital

13. Macadam Terwilliger Capital

14. capital

15. I-5 SB S of Downtown -Observations Problem Area  Haines – Upper Boones High errors runs all in PM peak Consistent speed drop Possibly caused due to merging/diverging traffic from OR-217 Large detector spacing (1.85 miles) Recommendation  Add detector between Haines & Upper Boones Also suggestion of problem between Haines & Capital

16. Upper Boones Haines 22% (19% adj) under estimation of travel time Speed drop between Haines & Upper Boones

17. Upper Boones Haines Capital 35% (23% adj) under estimation of travel time

18. OR 217 NB Accuracy problems worst in the afternoon Detector issues  Greenburg detector dropped out for several runs Runs missing Greenburg all have errors > 20%  Allen out for all runs Appears detectors have trouble in stop and go conditions New detection not recommend Suggest considering historical data to address changing conditions and detector dropouts

19. 217 NB Greenburg Scholls Denny 18% underestimation, 3:57 PM 4/19/97

20. Stop and go I-5 SB Haines

21. OR 217 SB Areas of concern  Upstream of B-H Hwy, near Walker road (merge from 26 EB?)  Scholls area – known bottleneck that activates between Greenburg and Scholls Walker, Scholls detectors not functioning for all runs Need data when Walker & Scholls detectors are functioning  Accuracy may be fine if those detectors are functioinog  Historical data can be used when detector drop out

22. 217 SB 34% underestimation BH Hwy Walker

23. 217 SB 16% underestimation Hall Greenburg Scholls

24. Data Quality How do the detectors fail?  Communication errors  Calibration errors  Day-long failures??  Intermittent/sporadic failures??  Issues with stop and go?  Overnight issues?

25. I-5 North of Downtown (NoD) NB and SB segments between downtown and the Columbia River NB – Initial Conclusions  Data collected for this segment have encouraging error rates  Marine Drive detector malfunctioned during several runs.  Additional data required for conclusions, this data has been collected, needs to be analyzed SB – Initial Conclusions  Error rates are encouraging, but additional data required  Area of concern around split between I-5 and I-205  Area of concern near lane drop north of Columbia

26. I-84 EB, I-84 WB Conclusion – not enough detectors and detectors not stable enough to generate travel time estimates Need additional detection before travel times can be provided

27. Project Results Large amount of data collection and analysis Accuracy of current travel time predictions on all corridors Evaluation of several algorithms (Coifman, WSDOT, San Antonio, Midpoint)  However, results generally inconclusive Recommendations for corridors where travel time can be provided Recommendations for infrastructure improvements Potential recommendation for influence area adjustments

28. Project Phases Initial Project (through June 07) OTREC – Phase 1 (July 2007 - Sept 2007)  $23,000 in funding  Additional data analysis  Some additional data collection (as needed)  Real-time evaluation of travel time accuracy FY02 (Oct 2007 – Sept 2008)  Proposals due May 25  Have $34,000 in match left to use from original project

29. OTREC FY02 Historical Data  Apply historical data to Detector Spacing  Affect of detector spacing on travel time accuracy  Initial work at PSU by Rob Bertini, also work by Kwon Reviewers Interested In  Good set of metrics for accuracy  Real-time quantification of accuracy

30. ITS America Presentation Thoughts? Ideas? Comments?

31. Next Steps… Continue analysis along lines of this presentation  Comments? OTREC FY02 Proposal  Proposal Due May 25 Task 5: Detailed Comparative Study  Proposed date: May 9 – next week?  Draft Report: May 31 Final Report: June 30

32. EXTRAS

33. Macadam Terwilliger Capital

34. Extension – Phase I Promised This project will produce the following three outcomes:  Algorithm Recommendation The project will produce a recommendation for an algorithm to be used for travel time estimation for the Portland area for display on DMS signs and availability on 511 and tripcheck.com.  Ground Truth Data Collection The project will produce a large collection of ground truth data which will be available to researchers in the OTREC consortium upon request. The project team is already aware of several projects including, PORTAL [8] and latte [13], which will be able to utilize the data collected.  Techniques for Evaluating Travel Time Accuracy The project will document a method for dynamically analyzing the accuracy of travel time estimates and evaluating when travel times are and are not accurate enough to be provided to travelers.

35. ITS America – Potential Outline Study Goals PORTAL Data Collection Analysis  What types of errors are we seeing  Where are we seeing the errors  What do we think is causing the errors Algorithm Refinement  Adjusting lengths of influence areas appears to make a significant improvement

36. FOR KT’s reference

37. I-5 SB observations See if can see where congestion clears – and adjust hood for that len Around bertha/terw – bertha terw detector is 297.33 Hood is 299.25 spring is296.26 Segment starts at 298 So 298-297.33 – mile for hood?

38. Lower Boones Haines Pacific Capital

39. I-5S Run 215, 221 – looks as if detectors aren’t capturing stop and go Two patterns when error – stop and go pattern and error hasn’t propagated to haines (i.e. 257) (416 also) 449 congestion past haines, 437 also, 451 also, 435 14 – uncaptured congestion between haines and upper boones, 28 ditto, 257, 259, 274, 416,

40. Hau says Galen wants A. The accuracy of travel time estimation given the current instrumentation as well as using the current algorithm. B. Adjustments and changes to the travel time estimation approach that will provide a greater amount of confidence to provide travel time to the public C. Recommendations for where travel time should be provided and what needs to happen to make it happen across the entire metro area D. Is the level of accuracy appropriate for dissemination via VMS, the web and phone.

41. Results of this Study 1. average error pct & std dev 2. based on those numbers & assumption of normal distribution, % errors expected to be < 20% and < 30% (like I put in task 4) 3. locations of potential bottlenecks 4. comments from reviewing the plots as to where errors occur most commonly 5. manually create a set of segment lengths based on two previous bullets and see if those lengths improve accuracy 6. results from different types of influence areas (wadot, etc.) 7. Recommendations for reducing error - Additional detectors etc. with location 8. Can travel times be displayed with current configuration?

42. What did we promise from this study?  Investigate ITS data fidelity  Ground Truth Data Collection  Sensitivity Analysis of Algorithms  Algorithm Refinement  Detailed Comparative Study accuracy of the algorithm to generate real-time travel times; reliability of the approach such as detailed information regarding when the algorithm performs well, and understanding of factors that may contribute to unreliable travel times, impact on hardware and / or software requirements; scalability of approach; and suitability for use in VMS, Web-based, and telephone traveler information applications.

43. Kristins 217 NB Notes 503 – allen missing seems to be issue 505, 233, 235, 240 – detectors aren’t getting stop and go 480 slowdown at certain detectors 231, 496 conditions changed 517 slowdown in between detectors 1001b no seq!!! Affects rtspeeds Error much worse when greenburg dropped out

44. 217 sb kt Walker, scholls out for all runs 497, 473, 492, scholls would help 504, 232, 512, 518, 230 – walker would help 495 – unclear 520 – need walker and scholls

45. I-5 NB SoD KT Overestimate when upper boones missing – why? Most estimates are overestimates 3, 19 – capital-pacific 433, 254, 465, macadam, terwilliger 23 changing conditions 405, 273 stop and go