1. Aboriginal Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Presented by: Carrie Bourassa, Ph.D. Associate Professor Indigenous Health Studies First Nations University of Canada

2. Terms and Definitions  Aboriginal  Status/Treaty Indian (First Nations)  Métis  Inuit  Indigenous  Native  Bill C-31 (1985)

3. Bill C-31 “Indian Act Math”  As of 1985:  6(1) + NS = 6(2)  6(2) + NS = NS  BUT  6(1) + 6(2) = 6(1)  6(2) + 6(2) = 6(1)

4. Continued Impact of Colonization Why is understanding the impact of colonization important in the academic environment? - We still see gaps in education levels and preparedness; - There are still high drop out rates, high levels of poverty, addictions and violence in many Aboriginal communities; - Many Aboriginal students struggle with their identities and this impacts self-esteem; - Many Aboriginal students have different worldviews and learn in different ways.

5. Possible Teaching and Learning Strategies “The professor/student relationship is the foundation for facilitating the success of First Nations students” – Dr. Herman Michell, First Nations University of Canada

6. Possible Teaching and Learning Strategies - Use a variety of methods where possible – group work, projects, guest speakers (Elders if possible/applicable), engage in discussion even when using lecture style, use narrative or storytelling where possible/appropriate and examples to illustrate what you are trying to teach students. - Make an effort to learn their names.

7. Possible Teaching and Learning Strategies - Include Aboriginal content where applicable (use Aboriginal examples where possible/applicable) or use scenarios that reflect real life experiences. - Create an inviting and safe environment where open dialogue can occur in a respectful way. - Keep in mind that English may not be her/his first language. - Understand that sometimes family (extended family also) issues may sometime take precedence over school. - Understand that many Aboriginal students face racism on a daily basis

8. Possible Teaching and Learning Strategies  - Understand that for many Aboriginal students, they are the first one to attend university and it can be a very big adjustment.  - Try to balance humanistic concerns with high expectations and keep the channels of communication open so that students can approach you should they encounter difficulties.

9. References  Better Teaching and Learning with Indigenous Students  http://www.ecu.edu.au/ses/research/CALLR/TandL97/indi gen.htm http://www.ecu.edu.au/ses/research/CALLR/TandL97/indi gen.htm  Faculty Guide to First Nations and Métis Students  http://www.uregina.ca/tdc/firstnationshandbook.pdf

10. Contact Information Dr. Carrie Bourassa Associate Professor Indigenous Health Studies Dept. of Science First Nations University of Canada 790-5950 ext. 3331 Cbourassa@firstnationsuniversity.ca