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Published byHorace Clarence Sullivan Modified over 9 years ago
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Overview of Cellular Respiration Section 4.4 Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. If a step requires oxygen, it is called aerobic. If a step occurs in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic. It takes place in three steps: Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain
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Cellular respiration The equation for cellular respiration is: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + energy The equation for photosynthesis is: 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + light energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
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Comparing photosynthesis with respiration
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Glycolysis Is anaerobic Occurs in the cytoplasm One 6 carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two three carbon pyruvate molecules. Produces 2 ATP molecules
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Krebs Cycle Is aerobic Occurs in mitochondria Pyruvate is broken down One 2 carbon molecule 1 CO 2 molecule High energy electrons CoEnzyme A bonds to the 2 carbon molecule
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Krebs Cycle Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle (2C) Combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form citric acid (6C) Loses a CO 2 (5C) Loses another CO 2 (4C) Combines with acetyl CoA. Produces 2 ATP
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Electron Transport Chain Is aerobic Occurs in mitochondria NADH and FADH 2 donate electrons and transport hydrogen ions. Produces 34 ATP molecules Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to produce water.
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Electron Transport Chain
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Aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose. Most ATP is produced in the electron transport chain.
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Anaerobic Respiration Also called fermentation In the absence of oxygen If there is no oxygen to accept electrons or hydrogen ions NADH and FADH 2 cannot be converted to NAD + and FAD2 + Citric acid is not broken down in the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA cannot enter the Krebs cycle
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Anaerobic respiration Pyruvate has to be broken down another way. In yeasts: Pyruvate ethanol and CO 2 Produces 2 ATP molecules In animals: Pyruvate lactic acid Produces 2 ATP molecules
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Uses of fermentation Cheese Alcohol Breads
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