1. Reproduction

2. Propagation Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation
To increase the number of plants, reproducing plants
Sexual Propagation
Propagation with seed
Asexual Propagation
Propagation without seed

3. Sexual Propagation

4. Fast way to get many plants
Advantages
Fast way to get many plants
Easy to do
Economical

5. Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.
Disadvantages
Some plants do not reproduce true to parents.
Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

6. Methods
Direct Sow - Seeds are sown directly in container in which they are grown
Indirect Sow – Seeds are sown in one container and transplanted to another after their true leaves appear.

7. Seeds

8. Monocot – Produce one seed leaf.
Types
Monocot – Produce one seed leaf.
Example: Corn
Dicot – Produce two seed leaves.
Example: Bean

9. Viable Seed – Seeds that are live and will germinate.
Terms
Mature Seed – Stage where a seed can be removed from the plant without hurting its germination.
Viable Seed – Seeds that are live and will germinate.

10. Cotyledon – The first leaves to appear on a plant; seed leaves
Parts
Seed Coat – Outside covering of the seed which protects the embryonic plant.
Cotyledon – The first leaves to appear on a plant; seed leaves

11. Parts
Embryo – The new plant that is developed as a result of fertilization (the seed).
Endosperm – Food storage tissue which nourishes the embryonic plant during germination.

12. Epicotyl – The stem located above the cotyledons of a seedling.
Parts
Epicotyl – The stem located above the cotyledons of a seedling.
Hypocotyl – The stem tissue located between the seedling root and the cotyledons.

13. Radicle – The primary seedling root. (turns into the primary root)
Parts
Radicle – The primary seedling root. (turns into the primary root)

14. Preparing the Seed
Scarification – Scratching, chipping, or nicking of the seed coat of certain seeds to promote germination.

16. Preparing the Seed
Stratification – Exposing seeds to cool temperatures, 35-50F, for a period of time to break dormancy.

18. Sowing
Planting seeds

19. When the young plant breaks the soil surface.
Germination
When the young plant breaks the soil surface.
Germination Rate - % of seeds that germinate
EX: 75 out of 100 = 75%

20. Plant 500 seeds, 350 germinate, what is the germination rate?
Answer: 350/500 = 70%
If you have a 75% germination rate and plant 240 seeds how many will germinate?
Answer: 240/x = 75% so 240 * .75 = 180
You have 679 seeds germinate with a germination rate of 85% how many seeds did you plant?
Answer: x * .85 = 679 so 679/.85 = = 799

21. The Order of seed germination

22. Seedlings – Young plants which have germinated for several days.
After Germination
Seedlings – Young plants which have germinated for several days.

23. Seed Leaves – 1st set of leaves to appear, usually rounded or oval.
After Germination
Seed Leaves – 1st set of leaves to appear, usually rounded or oval.
True Leaves – 2nd set of leaves to appear, usually look like plant’s adult leaves.

24. Transplant when the first true leaves appear.
Transplanting
Transplant when the first true leaves appear.
Harden off – Reduction of water, humidity, and temperature to prepare for transplanting.