2. The First Computer The Abacus At least 2500BC in Mesopotamia Used by merchants to calculate transactions

3. The First Electronic Computers Single Purpose Computers Analytical Engine Proposed in 1837 by Charles Babbage First mechanical adding machine concept Partially built by Henry Babbage in 1910 Could only perform basic calculations Z1 Konrad Zuse in 1938 First truly functional modern computer

4. Alan Turing & Turing Machines Brilliant British Mathematician Secretly helped Allies in WWII Theorized Turing Machines Turing Test is still the Holy Grail of AI

5. ENIAC First GENERAL PURPOSE Computer Built at University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1946

6. The Internet Internet is a network of interconnected computers that is now global Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET 1969 ARPANET was connection of computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, Univ. of Utah

7. State of computers? What was the state of computers in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

8. Computers late 60s & 70s No Personal Computers – still large mainframe computers in late 60s Mid 1970s – initial personal computers Altair: Box with blinking lights Late 1970s – Apple 2, first usable PC

9. Altair & Personal Computers Just a box with blinking lights Not where Networking/ Internet was being developed

10. Internet - 1972 1972 - Telnet developed as a way to connect to remote computer 1972 – Email introduced 1977 - U. Wisconsin has first “large” Email system - 100 users

11. Internet - 1972 1973 - ARPANET goes international 550,000 Deep Sea Cables 1973 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) established

12. State of computers? What was the state of computers in the early 1980s?

13. Computers 1980s 1981 – IBM PC 1984 – Apple Macintosh 1986 – Modem becomes option on PCs

14. Internet - 1980s 1984 - Domain Name Server introduced allows naming of hosts, no longer numeric 1986 - NSFNET created in 1990, becomes backbone of modern Internet when ARPANET is decommissioned Completely privatized by 1995 56 K interconnection initially, increased rapidly

15. Internet 1990s 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases World Wide Web! TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab in Europe (book Weaving the Web by TBL) 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by graduate students at University of Illinois first point-and-click browser later developed into Netscape Navigator These are the two most significant events in the formation of the WWW

16. World Wide Web Via Internet, computers can contact each other Public files on computers can be read by remote user usually HyperText Markup Language (.html) HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol URL - Universal Resource Locator - is name of file on a remote computer http://www.patriotech.com/

17. HTTP World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers, better known as web server Two kinds of computers, Servers, and Users Server: Hosts content and transmits it to users Users: Any computer displaying content from a server Receive HTTP type request and send requested file in packets

18. Web Browsers Mosaic (1993) was first point-and-click browser Web browsers are the software we use to view web pages Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer were most popular Netscape Navigator was original, but Microsoft leveraged IE on market Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Internet Explorer

19. State of computers? What was the state of computers in the early to mid 1990s?

20. Computer History – 1990s Windows 95 GUI made computing easier for PC- bound masses Windows 95 + Internet (AOL, others)  Huge increase in number of home PCs Computer on every desk in workplace

21. Universal Resource Locator http://www.patriotech.com/secret/message.html www.patriotech.com Domain Name - name of remote computer http:// identifies type of transfer /secret/message.html File Location on Remote Computer

22. Web Technologies Shockwave Flash Allowed for first interactive websites PHP Allowed for dynamically altered web pages Javascript Allowed for web based programs