1. Jenny Hand CIRA Acadia National Park, ME 19892008 Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)

2. Caney Creek AR20012008 The IMPROVE program is a cooperative measurement effort designed to –establish current visibility and aerosol conditions in mandatory Class I areas; –identify chemical species and emission sources responsible for existing anthropogenic and natural visibility impairment; –document long-term trends for assessing progress towards the national visibility goal; –and, with the enactment of the Regional Haze Rule, provide regional haze monitoring representing all Class I areas where practical.

3. IMPROVE 1987: Monitoring began at ~30 sites 2000: Expansion of network to 159 sites in support of the Regional Haze Rule 2011: 170 operating and 42 discontinued sites Cohutta GA 2002 2008

5. Big Bend National Park IMPROVE Monitoring Site

6. IMPROVE Algorithm Major Contributors b ext (Mm -1 ) = 3.0 * f(rh)* [Sulfate]  + 3.0 * f(rh)*[Nitrate] + 4.0 * [Organic] + 1.7 *f SS (rh)*[Sea Salt] + 1.0 * [Soil] + 0.6 * [Coarse Mass] + 10.0 * [Elemental Carbon] + Rayleigh Scattering Deciview = 10*ln(b ext /10) dv ~ 0 for pristine conditions

7. 2004–2008 Annual Mean Deciview Ammonium sulfate Ammonium nitrate Organic carbon Elemental carbon Soil Sea salt

8. Regional Haze Rule Progress Moore and Copeland, 2011, IMPROVE Report V

9. IMPROVE V Report Highlights 1989–2008; 2000–2008 Sulfate, Nitrate, Total Carbon, Soil, PM 2.5, Coarse Mass, PM 10 TRENDS: Temporal trends are important for determining whether emission mitigation strategies are effective in meeting goals for improving air quality, and for use in evaluating model results that estimate the effects of aerosols on climate change.

10. IMPROVE V Report Highlights San Gorgonio CA 19892008 SAGO1, -3.5 % yr -1

11. What is causing increasing sulfate concentrations during spring in the West? Wheeler Peak NM 20012008 WHPE1, 5.1 % yr -1

12. Integration of data from EPA’s urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) IMPROVE V Report Highlights

13. IMPROVE CSN Ammonium sulfate Ammonium nitrate Organic carbon Elemental carbon Soil Sea salt

14. Urban Excess: Ammonium Sulfate RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN) URBAN/RURAL

15. Urban Excess: Elemental Carbon RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN) URBAN/RURAL

16. IMPROVE Report V is available online: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Publications/Reports/2011/2011.htm

17. Urban Excess: Ammonium Nitrate RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN) URBAN/RURAL

18. Urban Excess: Particulate Organic Matter RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN) URBAN/RURAL

19. Baltimore, Birmingham, Fresno, New York City, Phoenix, Puget Sound, and Washington, D.C., for 2005–2008 CSN and IMPROVE Comparisons

20. Baltimore, Birmingham, Fresno, New York City, Phoenix, Puget Sound, and Washington, D.C., for 2005–2008 CSN and IMPROVE Comparisons