1. Continuous Glucose Monitors
Emily Ensom
Biomedical Engineering

2. What is Glucose?
a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
Diabetics have trouble controlling these sugar levels, meaning they have to constantly check their levels to assure they are in a healthy zone

3. What is Type One Diabetes?
Type one diabetes is a disease, often called juvenile diabetes, that affects the pancreas
The pancreas produces little to no insulin, and the body’s immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
This makes patients need to constantly need to regulate their glucose levels
Donate To JDRF Today | JDRF.org. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015.

4. Patients with Type One Diabetes
Because of this disease patients must constantly prick their fingers in order monitor their glucose levels
Type 1 Diabetes Vaccine Shows Promise In Small Trial. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015.

5. A Solution
A way to solve the problem many diabetics face with constant finger pricking is a continuous glucose monitor
This will help limit the amount of time patients have to prick themselves

6. Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Continuous glucose monitoring enables real-time glucose display and real-time alarms
This can help improve glycemic control and quality of life in patients with diabetes
Dehennis, A., & Mortellaro, M. (2015, July 29). Multisite Study of an Implanted Continuous Glucose Sensor Over 90 Days in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved September 25, 2015.

7. SAP Therapy One method of continuous glucose monitoring is sap therapy
Insulin pump therapy combined with real-time continuous glucose monitoring, known as sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAP)
umminia, A., Sciacca, L., Frittitta, L., Squatrito, S., Vigneri, R., Le Moli, R., & Tomaselli, L. (2015). Integrated insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring for improved adherence: technology update. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9, 1263–

8. SAP Therapy
The sensor helps diabetics monitor their glucose levels without constant finger pricking  
Advanced functions such as bolus profiles, bolus calculators and threshold-suspend features come with this device

9. SAP Therapy Incorrect expectations, usually closed loop systems
Potential Barriers
Solutions
Incorrect expectations, usually closed loop systems
Discomfort from insertion
Low accuracy
Become more educated in the system
Use correct insertion techniques
Proper calibration and cleansing methods
umminia, A., Sciacca, L., Frittitta, L., Squatrito, S., Vigneri, R., Le Moli, R., & Tomaselli, L. (2015). Integrated insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring for improved adherence: technology update. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9, 1263–

10. Implanted Glucose Sensors
Devices that are implanted into the subcutaneous layer of the tissue
Detect and send blood sugar levels to monitoring device
Last in body for typically 5-7 days
Giani, E., Scaramuzza, A. E., & Zuccotti, G. V. (2015). Impact of new technologies on diabetes care. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(8), 999–

11. New Trial Patients implanted with sensor for 90 days
Implanted by doctor
Tested glucose rates for each meal with sensor through a smart app and related that to the rate taken using finger pricking methods

12. 91% of sensor measurements were calculated to be within 20 mg/dl for reference glucose measurements of ≤ 70 mg/dl, 86% of sensor data were within 20% of reference glucose measurements between mg/dl, and 88% of sensor data were within 20% of reference glucose measurements > 180 mg/dl.
Dehennis, A., & Mortellaro, M. (2015, July 29). Multisite Study of an Implanted Continuous Glucose Sensor Over 90 Days in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved September 25, 2015
Sensor Accuracy

13. Implanted Sensors Lowers amount of finger pricking
Advantages
Disadvantages
Lowers amount of finger pricking
Lowers risk of infection
Easier to maintain healthier levels
Stays in body for longer periods of time
Needs daily calibration
Must be implanted by doctor
Accuracy still is not perfected
Must be removed by doctor

14. Advancements New technologies are changing the world
Soon even more sensors and systems will be created to make life better and easier for patients with diabetes

15. Any Questions?