1. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 AAPPA “Space Revisited” Workshop ADAPTIVE AIR CONDITIONING by David Uhlhorn Umow Lai & Associates Pty Ltd March 2003

2. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort Comfort Comfort Occupant satisfaction Occupant satisfaction Increased productivity Increased productivity

3. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort n Some parameters affecting comfort we can control: *temperature *humidity *air speed *ventilation rate *glare *solar radiation *lighting level *colours

4. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort n Some parameters affecting comfort we may not be able to control: *external weather conditions *clothing *relationship with other occupants *odours *job satisfaction *mood *health

5. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort Definition: “Thermal Comfort is that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment” - American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

6. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort Comfort conditions in air conditioned buildings: * *ASHRAE Standard 55 “Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy” - satisfies 80% of sedentary or slightly active persons.

7. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort Greater occupant control Greater occupant control Greater occupant comfort Greater occupant comfort

8. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort with Natural Ventilation Comfort conditions in naturally ventilated buildings:

9. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Comfort Adaptive Comfort Theory - occupants adapt to their environment via 3 modes: Behavioural - Behavioural - adjustment Physiological - Physiological - acclimatisation Psychological - Psychological - habituation and expectation

10. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Adaptive Air Conditioning: natural ventilation mechanical air conditioning Also called hybrid or mixed mode ventilation/air conditioning

11. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Adaptive Air Conditioning benefits: –lower capital costs –lower operating costs –higher occupant satisfaction

12. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Potential for Natural Ventilation Percentage of hours/annum between 15-26 o C % of Total Hours/Annum Brisbane65 Sydney64 Perth55 Adelaide43 Melbourne37 Canberra30 Hobart26 Darwin25

13. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

14. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

15. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning The University of Melbourne - Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute

16. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning The University of Melbourne - Bio21

17. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Deakin University, Burwood - Building T

18. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Deakin Building T

19. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Deakin Building T: –Construction cost $1,650 per m 2 (cf typical > $2,000 per m 2 ) –Energy target of 350 MJ per m 2 (cf typical 450 - 950 MJ per m 2 ) –Average internal temperature 23 o C (Nov 02 - Jan 03)

20. AAPPA Workshop March 2003 Adaptive Air Conditioning Summary: –Comfort is a personal thing and best that can be expected is 90-95% satisfaction –Occupants of naturally ventilated buildings have lower expectations than occupants of air conditioned buildings –Degree of control of the environment has a major influence on satisfaction with thermal conditions