1. Gilded Age Politics: 1893-96 The Panic of 1893 The Silver Movement The Election of 1896

2. The Depression of 1893 1892: Cleveland wins, Dems huge victory 1892: Cleveland wins, Dems huge victory The Panic of 1893: Stocks crash, 15,000 bankruptcies, 20% unemployment, fear The Panic of 1893: Stocks crash, 15,000 bankruptcies, 20% unemployment, fear Coxey’s Army: unemployed demand public works projects. They Swarm on Capital. Coxey’s Army: unemployed demand public works projects. They Swarm on Capital. Pullman Strike: Company Town, ARU & Debs join strike, riot, troops called in. Pullman Strike: Company Town, ARU & Debs join strike, riot, troops called in. Coal Strike: 170,000 strike, ethnic tension Coal Strike: 170,000 strike, ethnic tension

3. Pullman Strike

4. Cleveland’s Response Repeals Sherman Silver Purchase, which he Repeals Sherman Silver Purchase, which he thought caused the depression This lowers money supply This lowers money supply J. P. Morgan raises $50 in gold J. P. Morgan raises $50 in gold Cleveland fails to lower tariff Cleveland fails to lower tariff No sympathy for Coxey and strikers No sympathy for Coxey and strikers Ends career, hated by millions Ends career, hated by millions 1894 Midterm Elections: GOP historic victory, 1894 Midterm Elections: GOP historic victory, –GOP will dominates till the Great Depression

5. Rise of Labor Unions (end of ch 18) Problems w/ industrial labor: repetitive, Problems w/ industrial labor: repetitive, –Long hours, dangerous, low pay, strict Knights of Labor: skilled, unskilled, blacks Knights of Labor: skilled, unskilled, blacks –8 hour day, no strikes, died 1892 Public Perception: foreign, radical, violent Public Perception: foreign, radical, violent Strikes: Haymarket (86), Homestead (92) Strikes: Haymarket (86), Homestead (92) AFL: Craft & skilled workers, white men AFL: Craft & skilled workers, white men –Gompers: pragmatic, work with management –Strike for limited goal, 1900 1 m members

6. Social and Literary Changes Work: women & children go back to work Work: women & children go back to work New Realism: Real life depictions New Realism: Real life depictions Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser Silver Movement: Many had almost religious faith that silver would restore prosperity. Wizard of Oz Silver Movement: Many had almost religious faith that silver would restore prosperity. Wizard of Oz

7. William McKinley: 1896-1901

8. William Jennings Bryan

9. Election of 1896 GOP: William McKinley, solid, pro gold, GOP: William McKinley, solid, pro gold, Democrats and Populists: William Jennings Bryan, pro silver, religious Democrats and Populists: William Jennings Bryan, pro silver, religious “Cross of Gold” Speech: Handout “Cross of Gold” Speech: Handout First Modern Campaign: Bryan campaigns all over country. McKinley stays on front porch and used mass media. First Modern Campaign: Bryan campaigns all over country. McKinley stays on front porch and used mass media. GOP start 30 years of dominance GOP start 30 years of dominance

10. Bryan’s Cross of Gold Speech Most famous American political speech Themes: Populism: appeal to the common man, fear of the elites Agrarian myth: family farmer bedrock of American democracy Pro Silver: silver will solve all problems Religion: heavy use of religious imagery