1. Ninja Turtles = Renaissance Artists

2. The Renaissance Essential Questions:
What are the characteristics of the Renaissance?
What changes were brought to Europe during the Renaissance?

3. What is the Renaissance?
This was an era of “rebirth” of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome from 1350 – 1550.
In contrast to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance was an era when scientific, artistic, and intellectual thought expanded.
The Renaissance in Europe began in Italy and then spread to the rest of Europe.
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4. Characteristics of the Renaissance
Recovery from disasters allowed Italian thinkers to become interested in their Roman past and the ancient Mediterranean world.
The Renaissance resulted in a change in the way people thought…

5. Characteristics of the Renaissance
What am I thinking about? Well, I’m not worrying about the afterlife.
Secular viewpoints were promoted (concerned with the here and now – not with heaven or hell)

6. Characteristics of the Renaissance
2. New views of humans emerged – emphasis on individual ability and human potential humanism = study of the classics: literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

7. Humanism
This affected education in Italy as well as the rest of Europe
What about today?
Today we refer to the study of literature, philosophy and art as the humanities.
Humanism – subjects to be studied:
Grammar
Rhetoric
Poetry
moral philosophy
History
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8. Characteristics of the Renaissance
3. Artistic rebirth – wealthy merchants and families became patrons of the arts
What does that mean?

9. Be a patron of the arts!
Wealthy families and merchants provided funding for artists to complete beautification projects, murals, sculptures, portraits, etc.
The money and encouragement of patrons together with that of the church, made the masterpieces of Renaissance art possible.

10. Be a patron of the arts!
… because it makes you look good!!

11. Why did it begin in Italy?
Italy didn’t develop a centralized monarchy
Instead, it had several city-states
Milan, Florence, and Venice were 3 of the wealthiest and most powerful
Italian cities and merchants were wealthy = could afford to support the arts and this “rebirth”

12. Why were the city-states so wealthy?
Trade!
With the east!
Along the Mediterranean!
Along the Atlantic Ocean!
Trade routes established during the Crusades made Italian states prosperous

13. Lots of famous artwork was created during the Renaissance…

14. Renaissance Artists

15. Leonardo da Vinci ( )
Italian inventor, painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist
Considered a true “Renaissance Man”!
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16. Renaissance: Innovation
New styles of art weren’t the only thing being created during the Renaissance.
In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg invented the first moveable type printing press in Europe
What do you think was the first book printed?
Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about 1455, was the first European book produced from moveable type

17. Printing His contemporaries called it "the art of multiplying books."
The process soon spread to other German cities in the 1450s, to Italy in the 1460s, and then to France and the rest of Europe.

18. Before the printing press, how were books copied?
By hand! And most books were written in Latin.
Books were expensive!
Education was rare for most people!

19. Printing Press How could a printing press impact society?
Books more common and less expensive
Public’s desire for knowledge increased
Literacy improved
Encouraged scholarly research
Demand was created for books written in various languages (native languages = vernacular)
Prompted communication and learning

20. What was society like during the Renaissance?
Not everybody got to be rich and /or famous!
Peasants still made up 85-90% of the population

21. What about women? What about the females?
Don’t worry about history, science, or philosophy. Your role in society does not require such things.
What about the females?
Religion and morals were considered the most important things to learn = So they can become good wives and mothers

22. Horrible Histories

23. Warm-up: Monday: Write and answer!
Vocab. review:
Salvation a. release from punishment
2. Predestination b. divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups
3. Protestant Reformation c. being saved
4. Indulgence d. destiny is already determined

24. Warm-up: Monday Match each person with their description:
1. Martin Luther a. painter, sculptor, inventor
2. Henry VIII b. started Protestant Reformation
3. Johannes Gutenburg c. Invented the printing press
4. Leonardo da Vinci d. King with six wives

26. Warm-up: Monday Answer these questions!
1. What does the word Renaissance mean?
2. Where did the Renaissance begin?
3. Give one characteristic of the Renaissance.
4. List one subject studied by “humanists”.
5. What did Johannes Gutenberg invent in 1450?

27. Ch.12: The Reformation Essential Question:
How did the Christian Church change during the Renaissance?

28. What is the Reformation?
Root Word: Reform
To change for the better
The Protestant Reformation is the name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups in the early 16th century.

29. Some background…
People wanted to assure their salvation (acceptance into Heaven)
How did they believe this could happen?
Collect relics!
Gain an indulgence! (release from all or part of the punishment for sin)

30. Sale of Indulgences Indulgences sold by the church!
“As soon as the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs!” (coffer = money box)

31. Why were people calling for reform of the Catholic Church?
Corruption was one reason:
Selling of church offices
Church officials concerned w/ money, failing to meet their responsibilities
And of course, the selling of indulgences

32. Martin Luther
He was upset by the selling of indulgences, so he sent a list known as the Ninety-Five Theses to church superiors.
Luther proclaimed the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt & should be reformed

33. Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a German monk and university professor who lectured on the Bible
He believed people could only receive salvation through their faith in God

34. Martin Luther
The Theses were printed and spread to all parts of Germany
Today is the day that Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg church, in Germany.

35. A Break with the Church
How do you think the Catholic Church responded to Luther’s call for change?
They excommunicated him in 1521! (kicked out of the church)
Martin Luther was made an outlaw – but he gained support of some German rulers.
These protesting princes came to be known as Protestants

36. Protestant Reformation
Eventually the term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches. The effort that began to reform the church was called the Protestant Reformation.
Can you name any Protestant churches?

37. Protestantism Spreads
The initial changes occurred in Germany…
Protestant ideals spread across Europe , leading to the rise of various Protestants sects such as Calvinist, Presbyterian, Anglican, & Anabaptists

38. Calvinism John Calvin was a Protestant
He believed in “predestination”:
Pre =
Destiny =
Predestination - God determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned
Pilgrims that went to America followed ideals of Calvinism

39. Reformation in England
The English Reformation was rooted in politics
King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife. Why?
She didn’t produce a son.
The pope wouldn’t annul his marriage, so what does King Henry VIII do?
He broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England
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40. Reformation in England
King Henry VIII dies, his 9-year old son takes over, then dies, so his daughter Mary takes the throne
She was Catholic and didn’t like the direction the Church of England was going, so she had more than 300 Protestants burned as “heretics”.
Anybody know her nickname??

42. Catholic Reformation
The Roman Catholic Church responded with its own action called the Catholic Reformation-the church sought to retain its followers, reaffirm Catholic teachings, & improve the discipline & administration of church doctrines.

43. Catholic Response
The church revived the Inquisition, a court established in the 13th century to try cases of heresy, in an attempt to limit the spread of Protestantism by destroying the opposition.

44. Effects of the Reformation
By 1560, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Swiss Confederation, Italian States, & Papal States remained mostly Catholic.
England, Scotland, Denmark, & the northern German States became mostly Protestant.

45. This map illustrates the geographical patterns of the Protestant Reformation. Lutheranism spread through German-speaking areas along the Baltic Sea but rarely crossed the Rhine River. The spread of Calvinism defies linguistic explanations.

46.
Crash course:

48. Warm-up: Thursday
What things had to be invented before the printing press?

49. Warm-up: Monday Match each person with their description:
1. Martin Luther a. painter, sculptor, inventor
2. Henry VIII b. started Protestant Reformation
3. Johannes Gutenburg c. Invented the printing press
4. Leonardo da Vinci d. King with six wives

50. EXIT
How could the invention of the printing press in the 1440s eventually lead to the settlement by Puritans in the U.S.?
Put the events in the order in which they occurred!

51. _____ Martin Luther attacks the church using printed material.
_____ King Henry VIII attacks the authority of the Pope when the Pope denies his annulment request.
_____The printing press is invented.
_____Many Puritans, who were Calvinists, protested the Anglican Church in England.
_____By the late 16th and 17th centuries many Puritans left for the “new world”. They wanted to find a place to practice their religion without interference.
_____ King Henry VIII breaks away from Rome and declares himself leader of the new Anglican Church.

52. Imagine you are a devout Catholic in Germany in the early 16th century (1500s). You have been loyal to the Catholic Church all your life, but lately you have been troubled by some of the practices of your Church, practices you feel are not in keeping with the true spirit of the Christian religion. You are not the only one to be troubled by these practices. A movement has been growing in which people—loyal clergymen as well as educated people, like yourself—are publicly criticizing the Church for its corruption and abuses of power and privilege. You begin to wonder: How can the Church be reformed? And, if it can’t, how will this affect the political stability and religious unity of Western Europe? Little do you know that the Protestant Reformation, led by a German monk named Martin Luther, is just around the corner.

53. Why were people dissatisfied with the Catholic Church in the early 1500s?
Why was Martin Luther the central figure in the Protestant Reformation?
What were Luther’s criticisms of the Church?
How did Luther’s ideas spread?
Why did Luther want the Bible to be translated from Latin into German and other national languages?
How did the Church respond to Luther’s 95 Theses?
What were the roles of John Calvin, John Knox, and Henry VIII in the Reformation?
How was Europe affected by the events following Luther’s excommunication? (How did the map of Europe change as a result of the early stages of the Reformation?)
Briefly predict what the Catholic Church will do in response to the initial events of the Reformation.

54. Greek ideal: sound mind, sound body
Liberal Arts: history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, math, astronomy, music
Purpose to study: produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom
Greek ideal: sound mind, sound body
Stressed physical education
Activities such as javelin hurling, tennis, archery, fencing, boxing, falconry, hunting
Model for the basic education for the ruling classes until the 2oth century

55. Family and Marriage
Father had authority over children – absolute control until they were freed
= families were patriarchal
Marriage was more of a business arrangement than for love
Dowry = gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage

56. Government:Niccolo Machiavelli
Pronounced Mac-ee-ah-vel-ee
He was a writer of philosophy, poetry, plays and music.
His most famous work is known as The Prince
A lot of his philosophy was about being a good leader.
He believed that a good leader sometimes has to get tough with people, and make very strict rules.
In his view, being tough was the only way to make sure people behaved themselves.