1. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1

2. 2 15 C H A P T E R TRENDS IN WORKPLACE SAFETY

3. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3 Workforce Trends  Nursing involves heavy physical labor.  Majority of nurses are women.  Nursing workforce is aging.  Shortage of nurses

4. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Patient Trends  Patients are sicker.  Patients are heavier.

5. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5 Nurse Injury Statistics  Strain/sprain most common injury (Table 15-1)  One of the worst occupations for musculoskeletal problems

6. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6 Hazards of Health Care Environments  All settings contain hazards (Table 15-2).  Health hazards cause health problems.

7. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7 Exposure and Controls  Exposure: Opportunity to receive a dose  Effects—function of risk, toxicity, dose  Epidemiology of injury (Figure 15-3)  Hazards can be recognized and managed (Table 15-3).

8. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8 Biological Hazards  Infectious agents (Figure 15-4)  Blood-borne Pathogens Standard  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

9. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Potentially Infectious Body Fluids and Tissues (data from OSHA, 1991, Section 1910.1030b) Biological Hazards (cont.)

10. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10 Chemical Hazards  Hazardous drugs  Cleaning agents, anesthetic gases  Latex (Table 15-4)  Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

11. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Mechanical/Biomechanical Hazards  Lifting, moving, caring for patients  Workplace design or layout  Ergonomics

12. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Physical Hazards  Radiation, lasers, gas under pressure (Table 15-5)  Noise

13. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13 Psychosocial  Stress (Figure 15-7)  Workplace violence  Administrative controls  Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

14. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14 Work Schedules  Rotating shifts, extended hours, overtime  Administrative controls can minimize effects

15. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15 Workplace Safety Laws and Regulations  Occupational Safety and Health Act  Workers’ Compensation