1. Meeting 1 Team: India Plant: Gas Cleanup and Water Recycle Plant
Members:
Lynette Hernandez, Hsin Ting Hsieh, Alexander J. Palmas, and Jose L. Ortiz
Mentor: Patrick H. Shannon

2. Chemical precipitation system
Block Flow Diagram
Frac Water
Activate hydro carbon
organics
Dirty Frac Water (Assume 1 million std ft3 per day)
Salt Removal
Chemical precipitation system
sludge
Sand filter
Biological Oxidation
Clean Frac Water
DGF Separator
hydrocarbons

3. What’s in the Frac Water?3

4. Frac Water Cleaning 4 From the BFD: Solid removal and desalting
Need to get rid of sulfates, phosphates, carbonates, etc.
pH adjustment
Remove organics
a. by using an oxidant ( for example ClO2) 4

5. Frac Water Cleaning DGF seperator 5 Will remove hydrocarbons
from the frac water
Hydrocarbons will be caused
to float to the surface of the
frac water.
- Can then easily by skimmed off. 5

6. Frac Water cleaning Activated hydrocarbon
- will remove hydrocarbons and organics
Chemical Precipitation
- will help get rid of the rest of the sludge
Sand Filter
- Will help remove remaining TSS ( Total suspended solids) from the frac water.

7. Competing Processes: Frac Water
Green completions
Oil can be removed from water and added to pipe line to be processes
More environmentally friendly (no flare)

8. Green Completion Currently used in Barnett Shale Reduce VOC emissions
Burn off gas that would otherwise escape into the air
Will need to capture gas and make it available for use of sale by Jan 1, 2015 (according to EPA’s new guidelines)
Will not generate NOx
Rental cost = $1,000/day
Save average of 11,000 MCF of natural gas per well from being vented into the atmosphere

9. BFD for Green Completion

10. Competing Processes: Frac Water
LPG
Instead of using water, can use gelled liquefied petroleum gas.
Advantages
Nearly all of it is recovered after fracturing
No salts are brought up
Less liquid is needed to fracture the well.

11. Bloc flow diagram Gas purification Pump Membrane filter
Which ever gas:
-N2
-CO
-H2
-CO2
-O2
Purified Gas

12. Competing Processes: Effluent Vapors
Gas coming in (Assumption that no pressure available from gases coming in)
Compressor needed to pressurize gases for clean-up
Need to know how much gas in order to pick proper purification method
3 Ways of Cleaning up Effluent Gases
Membrane Separation
PSA
Cryogenic Gas Plant

13. Membrane Separation Membrane Separation Can be as pure as PSA
Membrane separators may be bought from IGS (Innovative Gas Systems – ISO 9001 Certified)
Non-air/Gas Separation Systems
H2, CO2, CO
Gas Compressors

14. Pressure Swing Adsorption
PSA
Pressurize gases
Some gases will be adsorbed
The higher the pressure, the more the adsorption
Reduce pressure and gas is desorbed (released)

15. Cryogenic Gas Plant Cryogenic Gas Plant
First chill the gases, then distill
Expensive
Product has highest purity

16. Competing Processes Specific plan for CO2
Pipeline available in area to send CO2 to wells
This will acidize formation and free up more oil EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery)
Purify CO2 for food applications
Convert to dry ice for food merchant product

17. CO2 EOR – How It Works

18. Oil Recovery With CO2
X-ray images of 5-centimeter-diameter core samples taken from the Lost Hills oil field (located in central California) show the effectiveness of carbon dioxideto sweep oil.

19. Additional Input Needed
Water purity and amount for CHP Plant
Compositions of all Effluents

20. QUESTIONS???