1. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

2. LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Conditioning = Learning

3. Stimulus vs. Response STIMULUS: a feature in the environment that leads to a change in behavior RESPONSE: an observable reaction to a stimulus

4. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov is the founder of classical conditioning Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in response to a bell ringing

5. Pavlov’s Experiment Before conditioning, food (Unconditioned Stimulus, US) produces salivation (Unconditioned Response, UR). However, the tone (neutral stimulus) does not

6. Pavlov’s Experiment During conditioning, the neutral stimulus (tone) and the US (food) are paired, resulting in salivation (UR). After conditioning, the neutral stimulus (now Conditioned Stimulus, CS) elicits salivation (now Conditioned Response, CR)

7. Extinction When the US (food) does not follow the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually causes extinction.

8. Spontaneous Recovery After a rest period, an extinguished CR (salivation) spontaneously recovers, but if the CS (tone) persists alone, the CR becomes extinct again.

9. Generalization Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if the stimuli are not identical

10. Discrimination Act of responding to stimuli that are not similar to each other

11. Taste Aversion Learned avoidance of a particular food Dan ate ½ gallon of ice cream. After he felt sick to his stomach. Ever since, the thought of ice cream makes Dan sick. –US: ice creamUR: sick –CS: thoughtCR: sick