1. 19.05.11 The poker over pipelines for oil and gas Evelyn Fuchs Thomas Maier Ines Sturm

2. World primary energy consumption of oil and natural gas 19.05.11 Global oil consumption declined by 1.2 million barrels per day Global consumption of natural gas declined in all regions except the Middle and Asia Pacific.

3. World‘s proved oil reserves 2009 19.05.11 BP Statistical Report 2009

4. 19.05.11 World‘s proved gas reserves 2009 BP Statistical Report 2009

5. Environmental impacts 19.05.11 Human, socio-economic and cultural impacts Atmospheric impacts Aquatic impacts Terrestrial impacts Ecosystem impacts Potential emergencies Environmental impacts in the context of protection policies and requirements

6. World‘s poker over pipelines (I) 19.05.11 If you own a pipeline, it‘s like having a trump - secure high profits - political influence - political competition Often political and economical interests are contradictory - companies search for the cheapest route to transport the resource - this can make certain countries too powerful because they have various interests to their benefit

7. World‘s poker over pipelines (II) Pipeline system of the world Source: http://www.petroleum-economist.com/Product/5692/Map-Store/Major-Pipelines-of-the- World-3rd-Edition.html

8. The biggest oil companies Source: http://www.petrostrategies.org/Links/Worlds_Largest_Oil_and_Gas_Companies_Sites.htmhttp://www.petrostrategies.org/Links/Worlds_Largest_Oil_and_Gas_Companies_Sites.htm

9. The „New Seven Sisters“ Saudi Aramco Gazprom CNPC NIOC PDVSA Petrobras Petronas.

10. Pipeline Conflicts History and interests behind the pipelines New conflicts about fossil energy – China & U.S. – South Caucasus – Iran – Iraq – Africa/ Sudan – Nigeria – Venezuela

11. Expectations for oil and gas 19.05.11 EU - Outlook 2020 Natural Gas Oil

12. Environmental risks of pipelines 19.05.11 Emission into the atmosphere Emission into the sea Risks for the whole environment

13. Environmental risks of pipelines 19.05.11 The World of pipelines, Zeit-Online, Die Welt der Pipelines, Zeit-Online, Source: http://www.zeit.de/online/2008/02/bg-pipelines?page=1http://www.zeit.de/online/2008/02/bg-pipelines?page=1

14. Alternative possibilities for Pipelines 19.05.11 Transportation by Tankers Transport of oil by tanker is as risky as pumping oil through underwater pipelines Transportation by Trains Infringements of regulations concerned with handling dangerous loads Human error and bad management Train collisions Mechanical impact on the train

15. Potential expectations for the future 19.05.11 World primary energy demand Demand in 2030 Forecasts

16. Potential expectations for the future 19.05.11 World Energy Trends: -World pirmary energy demand will continue to grow -Fossil fuels will continue to account for over 80 % of primary energy supply - Oil will continue to account the largest share of primary energy -Increasing shares of oil, gas and coal will be traded internationally Source: Recent Developments and their Implications for Arab Countries

17. Thank you for your attention! VIDEO „Europe Russia: A pipeline story“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRXbiPsYGH4&f eature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRXbiPsYGH4&f eature=related 19.05.11