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Published byWhitney Griffith Modified over 9 years ago
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Overview Dualism v. Monism Circadian Rhythm (25 hr. without light cues) Jet Lag Levels Sleep Dreams Hypnosis Drugs
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Levels of Consciousness Conscious: Currently aware of Nonconscious: Body processes (heartbeat) Preconscious: Can bring to consciousness Subconscious: Processing (priming, analysis) Unconscious: Unavailable (repressed content) Disputed by many
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Sleep (NREM vs. REM) 90 minute cycle Hypnagogic Sensations Sleep Spindles (Stage 2) Deep Sleep (recuperate) REM (paradoxical) More & vivid dreams
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Theories of Sleep RestorativeAdaptive Rejuvenates mind/body REM: Mental function NREM: Physical functions REM Rebound Conserve energy and avoid predators Part of Circadian Rhythm
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Sleep Disorders Insomnia: Most common Trouble falling or staying asleep Narcolepsy: Fall into REM unexpectedly Sleep Apnea: Cessation of breathing & gasping Most common in overweight men over 50 Deprive of deep sleep Sleepwalking: “Somnambulism” More common in children During Stage 3 or 4 Night Terrors: More common in children Stage 3 & 4
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Dream Theories Psychoanalytic Activation-Synthesis Dreams reveal unconscious Latent vs. Manifest Random signals from the brainstem are synthesized (put together) into a dream Info-Processing Dreams are used to integrate daily events into our memory
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Hypnosis Role/Social Influence TheoryDissociation Theory Not an altered state Some are more hypnotically suggestible Social: Acting a role are following suggestions Ernest Hilgard Divided consciousness (altered state) Hidden Observer: Hand in ice water experiment Has been used in pain control
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Change chemicals in brain and create altered states Expectation affects reaction Blood-brain barrier Agonist vs. Antagonist Withdrawal Tolerance (habituation) Types : Depressants Stimulants Hallucinogens Opiates Psychoactive Drugs
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Depressants Slow down autonomic system Alcohol, Barbituates, Anxiolytics (tranquilizers like Valium) Cerebellum slows = no balance
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Stimulants Speed Autonomic Caffeine, Cocaine, Amphetamines (Crystal Meth), Nicotine Withdrawal is physical and psychological
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Hallucinogens aka Psychodelics Cause changes in perception of reality LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin mushrooms, marijuana Stay in system longer
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Opiates Endorphin agonists (kill pain, produce euphoria) Derived from poppy plant Highly physically addictive
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