1. Layers of the Earth

2. Exploring the Layers Seismic Waves When waves change we
know the layers are
different

3. Exploring the Layers Continued
Drilling & Mining
Furthest Drill = 15km
Furthest Mine = 3.8km
Future Goals
2020 – Drill to Mantle

4. Earth Composition Physical Properties
Different mixtures of elements make up the layers
Broken into 3 Layers
Physical Properties
Characteristics of the Layers
Includes: Temperature, Density & Ability to Flow
Broken into 5 Layers

5. Composition & Physical Properties
Broken into 3 Layers
Crust
Mantle
Core
Physical Properties
Broken into 5 Layers
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Inner Core
Outer Core

7. Composition - Crust Thin, Outer Layer Made of Light Elements
Layer we live on
Made of Light Elements
Less than 1% of Earth’s Mass
Generally km thick
Broken into tectonic plates
2 different types
Oceanic
Continental

8. Composition - Crust Oceanic Continental Under Oceans Thinner Denser
Under Continents
Thicker
Less Dense

9. Composition - Mantle Layer beneath the crust Thickest layer
64% of mass
2,900 km thick
Made of Iron and
Magnesium
Allows the tectonic
plates to move
Convection happens here

10. Composition - Core Hot & Dense Made of Nickel and Iron 3,480 km thick
1/3 of the Earth’s Mass
Broken into 2 sections
Inner Core
Outer Core

11. Physical Properties – Outer Core
Liquid Layer
2,300 km Thick
Made of Iron & Nickel
Creates Earth’s
Magnetic Field
Cooler than inner
core

12. Physical Properties – Inner Core
Solid Metal Layer
1,200 km Thick
Iron and Nickel
Extreme Pressure